Table 2.
Overview of the antigens (used) for immunomagnetic tumor cell enrichment.
| CD #/Abbr. | Name | Expression | Location | Used for CTC Capture |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Epithelial cells and no or few hematopoietic cells | ||||
| CD44 | ep | cs, ic | Yes [76] | |
| CD49f | Integrin Alpha 6 | ep | cs | Yes [76] |
| CD66e | CEA (CAM5) | ep (colon) | cs | No |
| CD66f | PSG1 | ep, pl, li | cs | No |
| CD104 | Integrin beta4 | ep, ed, ne, ke | cs | No |
| CD118 | LIFR | ep | cs | No |
| CD133 | Prominin-1 | ep, hs, ed, ne | cs | No |
| CD164 (1) | MUC-24 | ep (prostate cancer, bone mets) | cs | No |
| CD164 (2) | ep (bowl, lung, thyroid) | cs | No | |
| CD164 (3) | hs, sc (bone marrow) | cs | No | |
| CD175 | Tn | ep, sc | cs | No |
| CD175s | Sialyl Tn | ep, ed, erythroblasts, | cs | Yes [77] |
| CD176 | Thomsen–Friedenreich antigen | ep, sc | cs | No |
| CD227 | MUC-1 | ep, sc | cs | Yes [65,66,67,68] |
| CD283 | TLR3. | ep, fi, ne, dc | cs, ic | No |
| CDw293 | BMPR-1B | ep, ms, bc | cs | No |
| CD318 | CDCP1 | ep, hs | cs | No |
| CD325 | N-Cadherin | ep, ne, mu (cardiac), fi, pa, li | cs, ic | Yes [78,79,80] |
| CD326 | EpCAM | ep, sc (embryonic) | cs | Yes [29,54,55] |
| CD331 | FGR1 | ep, ed, fi, ms, mu (cardio), ne | cs | No |
| CD331-4 | FGFR1-4 | ne, ki, te | No | |
| CD332 | FGFR2 | ep, li, fi, ne, | cs, ic | No |
| CD340 | erbB-2 kinase/ Her-2 | ep (breast), ed, ke, hs, sc | cs, ic | Yes [58,59] |
| CD344 | Frizzled-4 | ep, ms, ne, ki, te | cs | No |
| CD338 | ABCG2 | ep, li, ki, lu, pl | cs | No |
| CD350 | Frizzled-10 | ep (colon), ki, lu, br, pl | cs | No |
| CK | Cytokeratins 1-23 | ep | ic | Yes [75] |
| AR | Androgen receptor | ep | ic, in | No |
| EGFR | Epithelial Growth Factor/Her-1 | ep, pl, pa, ki, li | cs | Yes [59,60,61,62] |
| ER | Estrogen receptor | ep | ic, in | No |
| PSMA | Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen | ep (prostate) | cs, ic | Yes [81,82,83] |
| Trop2 | Tumor-associated Ca signal transducer 2 | ep | cs | Yes [76] |
| Endothelial cells and no or few hematopoietic cells | ||||
| CD62E | E-selectin | ed (activated) | cs | Yes [84,85,86,87] |
| CD144 | VE Cadherin | ed, sc | cs | No |
| CD146 | MCAM | ed, sm, me, dc, T-cells (activated) | cs | Yes [13,63] |
| CD201 | EPCR | ed | cs | No |
| CD202b | TIE2 | ed, angioblasts | cs | No |
| CD228 | Melanotransferrin | ed, sc, me | cs | No |
| CD248 | Endosialin | ed (tumor), fi | cs | No |
| CD266 | TWEAK R | ed | cs | No |
| CD299 | C-type lectin domain family 4 member M | ed, li, lymph node | cs | No |
| CD300g | CLM-9 | ed | cs, ic | No |
| CD309 | VEGFR-2 | ed, sc | cs | No |
| CD322 | JAM-B | ed (high) | cs | No |
| CD362 | Syndecan-2, | ed, sm (vascular), fi, me | cs | No |
| Neural cells and no or few hematopoietic cells | ||||
| CD246 | ALK | ne (embryonic CNS & PNS | cs, ic, in | No |
| CD271 | NGF receptor | ne, ms (bone marrow) | cs | No |
| Mesenchymal cells & no or few hematopoietic cells | ||||
| CD90 | Thy-1 | fi | cs | No |
| CD167b | DDR2 | bc, he, lu | cs, ic | No |
| CD292 | BMPR-1A | mu (skeletal), bc, ms | cs | No |
| CD331-4 | FGFR1-4 | ne, ki, te | cs | No |
| CD339 | Jagged1, | st (bone marrow), ep (thymic), ed, ne, ke, ov, pr, pa, pl, he | cs | No |
| CD333 | FGFR | ne, ki, te | cs | No |
| c-Met/HGF | Hepatocyte growth factor | pl | cs | No |
| Vimentin | Vimentin | ms | ic | No |
| FAP | Fibroblast activation protein, Seprase | ep, ms, fi | cs | No |
| No or few hematopoietic cells | ||||
| VAR2 | Malaria-encoded VAR2CSA | pl | cs | [69,70,71,72,73] |
Ep = epithelial cells; ed = endothelial cells; hs = hematopoietic stem cells; ms = mesenchymal cells; pl = placenta; li = liver/hepatocytes; da = dendritic cells; ke = keranocytes; sc = stem cells; ki = kidney; pa = pancreas; lu = lung; fi = fibroblast; st = stromal cells; bc = bone cells; sm = smooth muscle; me = melanocytes/melanoma; te = testis; he = heart; ov = ovarian; pr = prostate; br = brain.