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Additional effects of G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR-1) stimulation. Abbreviations: ↑, increased; ↓, decreased; AE2, anion exchanger 2; ATP, adenosine triphosphate; cAMP, cyclic AMP; CREB, cAMP-responsive element-binding protein; cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator; EGF, epidermal growth factor; ET-1, endothelin 1; MMP, matrix-metalloproteinase; NO, nitric oxide; PKA, protein kinase A; ROS, reactive oxygen species.
