Table 5.
Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showing predictors of mortality in patients with severe pulmonary hypertension (n = 56).
| Variable | Univariate Predictors | Multivariable Predictors | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p-Value | HR (95% CI) | p-Value | |
| Age | 1.020 (0.995–1.046) | 0.110 | ||
| Male sex | 1.787 (0.876–3.646) | 0.110 | ||
| Ever smoker | 1.867 (0.885–3.943) | 0.101 | ||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 0.963 (0.915–1.013) | 0.140 | ||
| IPF diagnosis | 3.479 (1.659–7.294) | 0.001 | 2.544 (1.106–5.853) | 0.028 |
| CTD-ILD diagnosis | 0.689 (0.330–1.442) | 0.323 | ||
| Sarcoidosis diagnosis | 0.235 (0.055–0.993) | 0.049 | ||
| FVC, % predicted | 0.981 (0.958–1.004) | 0.099 | ||
| DLCO, % predicted | 0.949 (0.922–0.977) | <0.0001 | 0.945 (0.914–0.977) | 0.001 |
| 6MWD < 300 m | 1.612 (0.733–3.545) | 0.235 | ||
| 6MWT final SpO2 < 88% | 2.055 (0.867–4.871) | 0.102 | ||
| mPAP, mmHg | 1.006 (0.946–1.069) | 0.850 | ||
| RAP, mmHg | 1.045 (0.961–1.137) | 0.306 | ||
| sPAP, mmHg | 1.005 (0.976–1.034) | 0.757 | ||
| dPAP, mmHg | 1.015 (0.948–1.087) | 0.662 | ||
| PCWP, mmHg | 1.060 (1.009–1.114) | 0.020 | ||
| PVR, Wood units | 1.025 (0.913–1.151) | 0.670 | ||
| CI, L/min/m2 | 0.621 (0.401–0.963) | 0.033 | ||
| Antifibrotic therapy | 1.482 (0.606–3.620) | 0.388 | ||
| Immunomodulator therapy | 0.409 (0.182–0.918) | 0.030 | ||
| PH-specific therapy | 0.375 (0.180–0.784) | 0.009 | ||
| Oxygen supplementation | 1.673 (0.681–4.108) | 0.262 | ||
HR: hazard ratio; and 95% CI: 95% confidence interval. BMI: body mass index; IPF; idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; CTD: connective tissue disease; ILD: interstitial lung disease; FVC: forced vital capacity; DLco: diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide; 6MWD: six-minute walk distance; 6MWT: six-minute walk test; SpO2: oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry; mPAP: mean pulmonary artery pressure; RAP: right atrial pressure; sPAP: systolic pulmonary artery pressure; dPAP: diastolic pulmonary artery pressure; PCWP: pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; PVR: pulmonary vascular resistance; CI: cardiac index; PH: pulmonary hypertension.