Table 1.
Demographic characteristics, spirometry parameters and cytokines’ concentrations in participants from the study.
| Total Healthy Subjects n = 95 |
Healthy Non-Smokers n = 48 |
COPD Patients n = 109 |
p 1 | p 2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| age | 64 (46–83) |
65 (52–83) |
65 (45–87) |
0.069 | 0.600 |
| gender male female |
49 46 |
23 25 |
69 40 |
0.121 | 0.104 |
| FEV1 (L) | 2.60 (2.12–3.19) |
2.82 (2.28–3.19) |
1.08 (0.69–1.60) |
<0.001 | <0.001 |
| FEV1 (% pred.) | 93.3 (86.4–104.2) |
101.1 (90.6–110.4) |
40.8 (27.9–61.7) |
<0.001 | <0.001 |
| FVC (L) | 3.35 (2.77–4.16) |
3.58 (2.76–4.18) |
2.28 (1.74–2.77) |
<0.001 | <0.001 |
| FEV1/FVC (%) | 80.6 (76.8–87.6) |
83.0 (78.1–91.8) |
51.3 (40.7–58.7) |
<0.001 | <0.001 |
| IL-1α (pg/mL) | 0.30 (0.30–0.97) |
0.31 (0.31–0.71) |
0.43 (0.30–2.13) |
0.003 | 0.007 |
| IL-1β (pg/mL) | 0.10 (0.10–0.61) |
0.10 (0.10–0.17) |
6.90 (0.61–23.91) |
<0.001 | <0.001 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 4.85 (3.45–7.09) |
4.41 (3.29–6.17) |
32.17 (10.64–64.30) |
<0.001 | <0.001 |
| IL-8 (pg/mL) | 6.36 (4.07–11.17) |
6.22 (4.34–11.33) |
8.73 (3.56–17.76) |
0.040 | 0.049 |
| TNFα (pg/mL) | 0.40 (0.35–1.36) |
0.35 (0.35–0.53) |
8.24 (0.35–19.23) |
<0.001 | <0.001 |
Age was shown as median with minimum and maximum, while gender was presented as an absolute number. Results of spirometry and cytokines’ measurements were shown as median with interquartile range (IQR). Comparison of males and females was performed by Chi-squared test, while all other parameters were tested by Mann–Whitney Rank Sum test. Data were considered significant if p < 0.05. FEV1–forced expiratory volume in one second; FVC–forced vital capacity; IL-1α–interleukin-1alpha; IL-1β–interleukin-1beta; IL-6–interleukin-6; IL-8–interleukin-8; TNFα–tumor necrosis factor alpha. alpha; p1–statistical significance of differences between total healthy subjects and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients; p2–statistical significance of differences between healthy non-smokers and COPD patients. All p-values that are <0.05 are in bold.