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. 2020 Nov 25;10(12):482. doi: 10.3390/metabo10120482

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The urinary volatile organic compound (VOC) profiles after treatment with 5 M H₂SO₄ (red), 5 M NaOH (blue), or 5 M HCl (green) in the samples (to generate sample solutions of 0.83 M; pH 0.075, pH 0.081, and pH 13.919, respectively) (n = 26). (a) Boxplot to show the number of VOCs produced per treatment technique. (b) Venn to show the cumulative number of unique VOCs produced via addition of H₂SO₄ and NaOH. (c) Venn to show the number of VOCs produced via addition of H₂SO₄ and HCl. (d) Chemical classes of compounds produced when H₂SO₄, NaOH, and HCl were used as treatment techniques.