Table 1.
Associations between the VDM index and cardiometabolic risk factors in all study subjects (n = 65).
| Subject Characteristics | VDM Index | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | Adjusted for Age, Sex, and BMI | |||
| r | p | ρ | p | |
| Age | 0.208 | 0.096 | ||
| BMI | −0.102 | 0.421 | ||
| Percent body fat (%) | −0.308 * | 0.012 | −0.261 * | 0.041 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 0.054 | 0.671 | −0.168 | 0.192 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | −0.103 | 0.413 | −0.251 * | 0.049 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | −0.075 | 0.551 | −0.330 ** | 0.009 |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 0.042 | 0.738 | 0.076 | 0.578 |
| Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 0.299 * | 0.016 | 0.225 | 0.078 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 0.139 | 0.269 | 0.200 | 0.119 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) | 0.277 * | 0.025 | 0.151 | 0.240 |
| SAT (mL) | −0.278 * | 0.025 | −0.313 * | 0.013 |
| VAT (mL) | −0.043 | 0.734 | −0.222 | 0.101 |
| IHTG (%) | −0.161 | 0.201 | −0.231 | 0.087 |
| VO2max (mL/kg∙min) | 0.227 | 0.071 | 0.240 | 0.062 |
| Insulin sensitivity | 0.226 | 0.085 | 0.271 * | 0.043 |
| Total disposition index | 0.311 * | 0.012 | 0.281 * | 0.028 |
BMI, body mass index; VDM, vitamin D metabolite; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, high-density lipoprotein; SAT, subcutaneous adipose tissue; VAT, visceral adipose tissue; IHTG, intrahepatic triglyceride; VO2max, maximum oxygen uptake. Insulin sensitivity was calculated as the glucose disposal rate adjusted for the steady-state plasma insulin concentration (M/I ratio), and the total disposition index was calculated as the product of the total insulin secretion rate area-under-the-curve and the M/I ratio. Data are shown as Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r) and partial coefficients after adjusting for age, sex, and BMI (ρ). Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05 (*) and p < 0.01 (**).