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. 2020 Dec 1;12(12):2881. doi: 10.3390/polym12122881

Table 2.

A summary of the most recent and relevant publications on nano- and micro-particle polymer formulations for bone regeneration.

Source Polymer Formulation Function Reference
Natural Chitosan Nanocomposites Improved osteoblast adhesion and proliferation, osteocalcin secretion and biomineralization of cells Tamburaci et al., 2020
Sponge Improved biomineralization and osteogenic induction Ikono et al., 2019
Nanocomposite film Accelerated tissue ingrowth, enhanced capability to mimic human bone extracellular matrix, vascularization, antibacterial efficacy, compatibility with human erythrocytes, advanced cell attachment and high proliferation with human osteoblasts Khan et al., 2019
Nanoparticle-containing electrospun fibers Increased bioavailability and osteogenic capability Balagangadharan et al., 2019
Coated nanoparticles Improved antimicrobial activity Ignjatović et al., 2016
Hyaluronic acid Nanocomposite Improved antibacterial activity, high bone differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells Makvandi et al., 2020
Nanoparticle Sustained delivery of alendronate and curcumin, increased proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells Dong et al., 2018
Gelatin Composite scaffold Improved cell proliferation and bone healing, cytocompatibility, osteoinductivity Hashemi et al., 2020
Nanocomposite scaffold Accelerated differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to osteoblast and reduce free radicals Purohit et al., 2020
Nanotubes/hydrogel Enhanced osteogenic differentiation, osteoimmunomodulatory and antibacterial activities Ou et al., 2020
Alginate Nanocomposite scaffold Improved bio-mineralization Purohit et al., 2020
Microbeads Enhanced bone formation, higher injectability and washout resistance Amirian et al., 2020
Collagen Nanocomposite Enhanced bone regeneration, improved healing and tissue remodeling Patel et al., 2020
Three-layered composite membrane Guided tissue regeneration Liao et al., 2005
Synthetic Poly(-caprolactone) (PCL) Composite nanofibers Improved fiber morphology, cell attachment, proliferation, differentiation, biomineralization, calcium-phosphate deposition Awasthi et al., 2020
Nanocomposite 3D matrix Enhanced osteogenic differentiation, early bone defect repair, tissue mineralization Shen et al., 2019
PLGA Nanocomposite Induced osteogenic effects and successful bone defect repair in vivo, BMP2 delivery Deng et al., 2019
Microspheres Controlled delivery of magnesium ions, enhanced cell attachment, proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, cell migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells, promotion of mineral depositions Yuan et al., 2019
Scaffolds Improved cell attachment, proliferation, induction of cartilage formation Lin et al., 2018
Microspheres Sustained Simvastatin delivery, induced proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells, increased differentiation and bone mineralization Terukina et al., 2016
Microspheres Sustained drug release, good biocompatibility Nath et al., 2013