Natural |
Chitosan |
Nanocomposites |
Improved osteoblast adhesion and proliferation, osteocalcin secretion and biomineralization of cells |
Tamburaci et al., 2020 |
Sponge |
Improved biomineralization and osteogenic induction |
Ikono et al., 2019 |
Nanocomposite film |
Accelerated tissue ingrowth, enhanced capability to mimic human bone extracellular matrix, vascularization, antibacterial efficacy, compatibility with human erythrocytes, advanced cell attachment and high proliferation with human osteoblasts |
Khan et al., 2019 |
Nanoparticle-containing electrospun fibers |
Increased bioavailability and osteogenic capability |
Balagangadharan et al., 2019 |
Coated nanoparticles |
Improved antimicrobial activity |
Ignjatović et al., 2016 |
Hyaluronic acid |
Nanocomposite |
Improved antibacterial activity, high bone differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells |
Makvandi et al., 2020 |
Nanoparticle |
Sustained delivery of alendronate and curcumin, increased proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells |
Dong et al., 2018 |
Gelatin |
Composite scaffold |
Improved cell proliferation and bone healing, cytocompatibility, osteoinductivity |
Hashemi et al., 2020 |
Nanocomposite scaffold |
Accelerated differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to osteoblast and reduce free radicals |
Purohit et al., 2020 |
Nanotubes/hydrogel |
Enhanced osteogenic differentiation, osteoimmunomodulatory and antibacterial activities |
Ou et al., 2020 |
Alginate |
Nanocomposite scaffold |
Improved bio-mineralization |
Purohit et al., 2020 |
Microbeads |
Enhanced bone formation, higher injectability and washout resistance |
Amirian et al., 2020 |
Collagen |
Nanocomposite |
Enhanced bone regeneration, improved healing and tissue remodeling |
Patel et al., 2020 |
Three-layered composite membrane |
Guided tissue regeneration |
Liao et al., 2005 |
Synthetic |
Poly(-caprolactone) (PCL) |
Composite nanofibers |
Improved fiber morphology, cell attachment, proliferation, differentiation, biomineralization, calcium-phosphate deposition |
Awasthi et al., 2020 |
Nanocomposite 3D matrix |
Enhanced osteogenic differentiation, early bone defect repair, tissue mineralization |
Shen et al., 2019 |
PLGA |
Nanocomposite |
Induced osteogenic effects and successful bone defect repair in vivo, BMP2 delivery |
Deng et al., 2019 |
Microspheres |
Controlled delivery of magnesium ions, enhanced cell attachment, proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, cell migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells, promotion of mineral depositions |
Yuan et al., 2019 |
Scaffolds |
Improved cell attachment, proliferation, induction of cartilage formation |
Lin et al., 2018 |
Microspheres |
Sustained Simvastatin delivery, induced proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells, increased differentiation and bone mineralization |
Terukina et al., 2016 |
Microspheres |
Sustained drug release, good biocompatibility |
Nath et al., 2013 |