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The Hippo–YAP signaling in intestinal homeostasis, regeneration, and tumorigenesis. (A) In the steady state, Hippo constantly suppresses the YAP signaling to maintain the crypt–villus integrity. (B) endogenous- and exogenous insults such as inflammation and irradiation induce PGE2 signaling or ECM remodeling, which in turn activates YAP signaling and initiates the cellular reprogramming process for the regeneration.
