Table 3.

AUC: area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, OR: odds ratio. The AUC values (mean ± SD) in this chart are good indicators of the goodness of the test (a perfect diagnostic test has an AUC of 1.0. whereas a nondiscriminating test has an area 0.5.). * p < 0.05.

Process	Absorption Spectra and Cut–Off Value	AUC	Specificity/Sensitivity	DM group Control Group (n, %)	p Value	OR [% 95 CI]
In vitro glycation	970 and 1140 cm−1; >83%	0.778 ± 0.065	0.893/0.656	11(34.4)/25(89.3)	<0.001 *	15.909 [3.914–64.660]
	530 nm, >0.016	0.751 ± 0.068	0.880/0.548	14(45.2)/22(88.0)	0.001 *	8.905 [2.199 36.052]
In vitro deglycation	530 nm, >0.038	0.779 ± 0.067	0.667/0.871	4(12.9)/16(66.7)	<0.001 *	13.500 [3.499–52.083]