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. 2020 Nov 24;9(12):838. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics9120838

Table 3.

Number and percentage of respondent’s response to the practice related to antimicrobial use.

Variables with Respective Response Sex Age Education Level Experience in Farming
N (%) Χ2 p-Value Χ2 p-Value Χ2 p-Value Χ2 p-Value
Ever used antimicrobials (Yes) 99(87.6) 1.74 0.18 2.95 0.62 9.46 0.02 * 5.40 0.02 *
Frequency of using antimicrobials in animals
(Following disease outbreak)
63(55.8) 3.07 0.22 5.84 0.21 12.65 0.04 * 1.32 0.85
Methods used in diagnosis of the diseases affecting domestic pigs/poultry (Clinical signs) 108(95.6) 3.31 0.58 2.56 0.28 2.13 0.55 4.15 0.04 *
Provider of treatment to animals in your farm (Farmer/ family member) 85(75.2) 2.49 0.11 1.96 0.38 7.14 0.68 1.42 0.23
Time of treatment in domestic pigs and poultry (During disease occurrence) 70(61.9) 1.72 0.42 4.54 0.34 15.42 0.02 * 6.59 0.37
Access to veterinary services (Yes) 95(84.1) 7.71 0.05 * 3.06 0.22 4.96 0.18 10.81 0.01 *
Source of drugs (Veterinary centres) 101(89.4) 2.20 0.65 2.07 0.35 1.51 0.92 1.49 0.48
Possibility of underestimating dose during disease treatment (True) 71(62.8) 3.01 0.97 1.33 0.52 1.21 0.75 2.26 0.61
Stocking of antimicrobials at home (Yes) 71(62.8) 2.57 0.45 3.90 0.14 1.37 0.71 2.54 0.11
Time for drug storage (1-2 months) 58(51.3) 2.56 0.1 1.88 0.39 1.88 0.59 4.90 0.03 *
Practicing group/mass treatment in domestic pig/ poultry farming (True) 100(88.5) 2.21 0.64 2.19 0.91 8.26 0.04 * 16.42 0.00 *

* Significant p value < 0.05; Χ2 = Chi square test.