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. 2020 Nov 28;12(12):3675. doi: 10.3390/nu12123675

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Urine contents of sesquiterpene lactones and metabolites over 24 h in 16 healthy adults after Brussels/witloof chicory consumption. (A) Representative chromatographic profiles of free sesquiterpene lactones in human urine sample collected at baseline (A, top) or at 2–6 h after the consumption of Brussels/witloof chicory (A, bottom). (B–D) Urine excretion of free and glucuronide/sulfate conjugated LAC (B), DLAC (C), and the sum total of sesquiterpene lactones (D). Values are the means ± SEM, n = 16. * Different from baseline, p < 0.05. SLs, sesquiterpene lactones; LAC, lactucin; DLAC, 11β,13-dihydrolactucin; IS, internal standard; F, free; G, glucuronide; S, sulfate.