Immune escape strategies in relapsed DLBCL: (a) Malignant B-cell with normal B2M and CD58 expression, where B2M assembles with MHC-I, allowing antigen presentation and recognition by TCR in CD8+ T-cells. CD58 expression facilitates interaction and activation of NK- and T-cells through CD2 binding; (b) Malignant B-cell with inactivating B2M and CD58 mutation or expression show impaired MHC-I cell surface expression, enabling escape from immune surveillance. TCR, T cell receptor; BCR, B cell receptor; NK-cell, natural killer cell; PD-1, programmed cell death 1; PD-L1, programmed cell death 1 ligand 1; PD-L2, programmed cell death 1 ligand 2.