Table 2.
Baseline characteristics.
| Age, median (range), y | 74 (40–89) |
| Sex, male/female, n | 13/3 |
| Indication, n (%) | |
| Bile duct stones | 5 (31.3) |
| Distal biliary obstruction | 9 (56.3) |
| Pancreatic carcinoma | 3 (18.8) |
| Ampullary carcinoma | 3 (18.8) |
| Chronic pancreatitis | 2 (12.5) |
| Renal cell carcinoma | 1 (6.3) |
| Hilar biliary obstruction | 2 (12.5) |
| Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma | 2 (12.5) |
| Reason for failed cannulation, n (%) | |
| Long NDS | 7 (43.8) |
| Unidentifiable papilla | 4 (25.0) |
| Tumor invasion of the papilla | 3 (18.8) |
| Intradiverticular papilla | 2 (12.5) |
| Time for EUS-RV after failed ERCP, n (%) | |
| Same session | 9 (56.3) |
| Different session | 7 (43.8) |
NDS: narrow distal segment; EUS-RV: endoscopic ultrasound-guided rendezvous; ERCP: endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.