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Plots of calving location during Phase 1: (a) When hides were open (n = 49); (b) When hides were closed (n = 52). Stocking density was standardized at 50 cows/pad, bedding was cleaned daily and cows were randomly allocated to calving pads each night. Hides were opened and closed on alternating nights on each pad. Cows were on pasture together during the day.
