Table 4.
Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) of the active multilayer films with and without cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) coatings in the open system for 15 days.
| Sample | Bacteria | Day | Control Log (CFU/mL) |
Active Log (CFU/mL) |
R |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active multilayer with CNC * | S. aureus | 1 | 6.95 ± 0.14 | 5.76 ± 0.09 | 1.19 ± 0.10 |
| 3 | 6.90 ± 0.07 | 5.68 ± 0.08 | 1.22 ± 0.08 | ||
| 8 | 6.89 ± 0.13 | 5.61 ± 0.15 | 1.28 ± 0.12 | ||
| 15 | 6.91 ± 0.11 | 5.58 ± 0.12 | 1.33 ± 0.11 | ||
| E. coli | 1 | 6.85 ± 0.15 | 5.72 ± 0.17 | 1.13 ± 0.16 | |
| 3 | 6.83 ± 0.08 | 5.64 ± 0.09 | 1.19 ± 0.07 | ||
| 8 | 6.82 ± 0.15 | 5.60 ± 0.14 | 1.22 ± 0.13 | ||
| 15 | 6.83 ± 0.14 | 5.57 ± 0.12 | 1.26 ± 0.11 | ||
| Active multilayer with CNC ** | S. aureus | 1 | 6.95 ± 0.14 | 6.04 ± 0.12 | 0.91 ± 0.10 |
| 3 | 6.90 ± 0.07 | 5.92 ± 0.08 | 0.98 ± 0.09 | ||
| 8 | 6.89 ± 0.13 | 5.86 ± 0.11 | 1.03 ± 0.12 | ||
| 15 | 6.91 ± 0.11 | 5.83 ± 0.09 | 1.08 ± 0.10 | ||
| E. coli | 1 | 6.85 ± 0.15 | 5.99 ± 0.13 | 0.86 ± 0.13 | |
| 3 | 6.83 ± 0.08 | 5.92 ± 0.09 | 0.91 ± 0.08 | ||
| 8 | 6.82 ± 0.15 | 5.83 ± 0.14 | 0.99 ± 0.12 | ||
| 15 | 6.83 ± 0.14 | 5.79 ± 0.11 | 1.04 ± 0.13 | ||
| Active multilayer without CNC | S. aureus | 1 | 6.95 ± 0.14 | 5.74 ± 0.15 | 1.21 ± 0.17 |
| 3 | 6.90 ± 0.07 | 5.66 ± 0.09 | 1.24 ± 0.09 | ||
| 8 | 6.89 ± 0.13 | 5.59 ± 0.12 | 1.30 ± 0.15 | ||
| 15 | 6.91 ± 0.11 | 5.56 ± 0.08 | 1.35 ± 0.10 | ||
| E. coli | 1 | 6.85 ± 0.15 | 5.69 ± 0.12 | 1.16 ± 0.08 | |
| 3 | 6.83 ± 0.08 | 5.63 ± 0.09 | 1.20 ± 0.10 | ||
| 8 | 6.82 ± 0.15 | 5.57 ± 0.13 | 1.25 ± 0.14 | ||
| 15 | 6.83 ± 0.14 | 5.56 ± 0.11 | 1.27 ± 0.12 |
* measured by active interlayer side. ** measured by CNC interlayer side. Antibacterial activity was quantified as the test surface reduction (R) from the colony forming units (CFU)/mL.