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Needle tip localization error determined by the axial distance comparison between Doppler and photographic measurements.
| Insertion Angle | Total Number of Paired Measurements | Number of Excluded Measurement | Average Axis Error (mm) | Standard Deviation (SD) (mm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 30° | 27 | 7 | −0.59 | 0.38 |
| 45° | 37 | 9 | −0.58 | 0.44 |
| 60° | 30 | 9 | −0.32 | 0.32 |
| All angles | 94 | 25 | −0.50 | 0.41 |
