Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2020 Nov 28;9(12):1199. doi: 10.3390/antiox9121199

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) reduced immune cell infiltration, neuroinflammation, and NADPH oxidase activity in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt rats. (A) mRNA levels of C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and cluster of differentiation molecule 11B (CD11b). (B) NADPH oxidase activity measured by dihydroethidium (DHE) fluorescence measured in the microplate reader in homogenates from brain PVN in the absence and presence of the non-selective NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin (50 μM). (C) mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 and homogenates from brain PVN. (D) Plasma levels of noradrenaline (NA) expressed in nmol/L. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 7–9). * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01 are significant differences compared with control (CTR). # p < 0.05 and ## p < 0.01 are significant differences compared with untreated DOCA-salt rats.