The alignment of the N-terminal 1–320 amino acids in the S protein of the 5-17-O, 5-17-V, 4-2, and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) reference strains. The reference strains consisted of insertion and deletion of S gene (S-INDEL) strains (AF353511, KJ399978, and KP768390), variable non-S-INDEL strains (LC022792 and KM392229), and non-S-INDEL strains (FK452323 and KF452322). The 5-17-O and 5-17-V were newly invaded Taiwanese PEDV strains post-2013, and their inserted and deleted patterns were similar to the non-S-INDEL PEDV genotype strains. The 4-2 strain was the traditional Taiwanese PEDV strain, and its inserted and deleted patterns were the same as the KP768390 (Taiwan/HC070225/2007) and the other S-INDEL PEDV genotype strains (AF353511 and KJ399978). The stars indicate the same amino acid in all strains. The red boxes reveal the inserted and deleted regions between non-S-INDEL and S-INDEL strains. The blue box shows the difference in amino acids between 5-17-O and 5-17-V.