Table 2.
Clinical trials with EVs as drug delivery systems.
| Type of Cancer | EV Source | Isolation Method | Loading Method | Therapeutic Cargo | Phase | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Malignant pleural effusion | Tumor cells | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Chemotherapy | Phase II | NCT01854866 |
| Non-small cell lung cancer | Dendritic cells | Ultrafiltration/UC | Not mentioned | Peptides | Phase II | NCT01159288 |
| Pancreatic cancer | Mesenchymal stromal cells | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | KrasG12D siRNA | Phase I | NCT03608631 |
| Melanoma (stage III/IV) |
Autologous monocyte-derived dendritic cells | Ultrafiltration/UC | Incubation with parental cells | MAGE3 | Phase I | [78] |
| Lung cancer (stage IV) | Human lung carcinoma cell line A549 | Differential gradient centrifugation | Passive incubation | Cisplatin | Phase I | [64] |
| Colon cancer | Plant nanovesicles | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Curcumin | Phase I | NCT01294072 |