Figure 3.

Effect of L. sakei ADM14 on gene expression in the epididymal fat pads. (A) The mRNA expression levels of PPARγ, C/EBPα, aP2, CD36, and FAS as measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. (B) Effect on expression of anti-inflammatory genes measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ; C/EBPα, CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein-α; aP2, adipocyte protein 2; CD36, cluster of differentiation 36; FAS, fatty acid synthase; TNFα, tumor necrosis factor alpha; MCP-1, monocyte chemotactic protein 1; IL-6, interleukin-6. Results are shown as mean ± SEM (n = 5). Significant differences between HD and ND groups are indicated as # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01. Significant differences between HD and HDA groups are indicated as * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.