Table 1.

Comparison of asthma phenotypes related to sensitization and/or bronchial reactivity to house dust mites.

	HDM-Driven Allergic Asthma	HDM-Driven Local Allergic Asthma	Non-Allergic Asthma with HDM Sensitization
Nasal affection	Virtually always	Always	Common, but not always
Nasal counterpart	Allergic rhinitis	Local allergic rhinitis	Non-allergic rhinitis
Atopy	Present	Absent	Present
Family history of allergy	Frequent	Frequent	Infrequent
Allergic triggers	House dust mites. Others possible.	House dust mites. Others possible.	None
Severity	Mild to severe	Only demonstrated in mild to moderate cases	Mild to severe
Age of onset	Early (childhood/adolescence)	Probably early (childhood/adolescence)	Later than allergic phenotypes
Natural evolution	Progressive worsening and onset of new systemic sensitizations	Progressive worsening and onset of new local sensitizations	Stable severity since onset in most cases
Eosinophilia	Yes	Yes	Sometimes
Bronchial sIgE	Frequent	Unknown	Possible
BAC needed for diagnosis	Sometimes	Always	Sometimes
Indication of ICS	Yes	Yes	Yes
Effect of ICS	Beneficial	Beneficial	Variable
Indication of omalizumab *	Yes	No	Theoretically not, but often prescribed **
Effect of omalizumab	Beneficial	Probably beneficial	Not beneficial in most cases
Indication of reslizumab mepolizumab, benralizumab and dupilumab *	In most cases	Potential, but the phenotype is not identified yet among severe asthmatics.	Variable
Effect of reslizumab, mepolizumab, benralizumab and dupilumab	Beneficial in most cases	Potentially beneficial, but the phenotype is not identified yet among severe asthmatics.	Variable
Indication of AIT	Yes	No	No
Effect of AIT	Beneficial	Probably beneficial	Not beneficial

HDM: house dust mite; sIgE: allergen-specific IgE; BAC: bronchial allergen challenge; ICS: inhaled corticosteroids; AIT: allergen immunotherapy; * in severe otherwise uncontrolled cases; ** See Section 4.1.