Table 4.
Serum Vitamin D (serum 25(OH)D) status (nmol/L) by all milk intake in different age and gender groups, NHANES 2001–2010.
| All | Non-Consumers | Consumer Tertile 1 | Consumer Tertile 2 | Consumer Tertile 3 | p linear trend | p linear trend a | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2–8 years | |||||||
| All | 74.5 ± 0.7 | 71.7 ± 1.6 | 74.5 ± 1.1 | 75.4 ± 1.0 *# | 75.4 ± 0.8 *# | 0.1721 | 0.1541 |
| Male | 75.0 ± 0.8 | 71.8 ± 2.0 | 74.9 ± 1.1 | 76.9 ± 1.3 *# | 75.7 ± 1.0 | 0.6085 | 0.5164 |
| Female | 73.9 ± 0.9 | 71.7 ± 2.0 | 73.2 ± 1.6 | 74.9 ± 1.2 | 74.8 ± 1.0 | 0.0609 | 0.0624 |
| 9–18 years | |||||||
| All | 65.7 ± 0.8 | 63.5 ± 1.1 | 65.7 ± 1.0 * | 66.1 ± 1.0 *# | 69.3 ± 0.9 *# | 0.0034 | 0.0049 |
| Male | 67.3 ± 0.8 | 64.1 ± 1.3 | 67.7 ± 1.3 *# | 68.2 ± 1.2 *# | 71.1 ± 1.1 *# | 0.0505 | 0.0478 |
| Female | 63.9 ± 0.8 | 62.6 ± 1.2 | 64.2 ± 1.1 | 64.6 ± 1.4 | 66.3 ± 1.2 * | 0.0123 | 0.0267 |
| 19–70 years | |||||||
| All | 64.4 ± 0.5 | 62.9 ± 0.6 | 64.3 ± 0.8 | 66.8 ± 0.7 *# | 67.8 ± 0.6 *# | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Male | 63.9 ± 0.5 | 62.5 ± 0.6 | 64.0 ± 0.9 | 65.8 ± 0.8 *# | 67.2 ± 0.6 *# | 0.0004 | 0.0002 |
| Female | 64.8 ± 0.6 | 63.1 ± 0.7 | 65.4 ± 1.0 *# | 67.5 ± 1.1 *# | 68.5 ± 0.9 *# | 0.0109 | 0.0128 |
| 71+ years | |||||||
| All | 65.8 ± 0.9 | 63.0 ± 1.2 | 67.2 ± 1.6 *# | 65.4 ± 1.1 | 70.2 ± 1.1 *# | 0.0039 | 0.0001 |
| Male | 65.7 ± 0.9 | 64.3 ± 1.3 | 65.2 ± 1.7 | 64.5 ± 1.3 | 70.1 ± 1.4 *# | 0.0049 | 0.0010 |
| Female | 65.9 ± 1.0 | 62.0 ± 1.4 | 68.4 ± 1.8 *# | 66.3 ± 1.5 * | 70.1 ± 1.5 *# | 0.1658 | 0.0229 |
Mean serum vitamin D concentration ± standard error (SE). Least Square Means (LSM) were modeled for each age/gender group using linear regression across tertiles after adjusting the data for age, gender, ethnicity, poverty income ratio and BMI or BMI Z-score when the population being analyzed was < 19 years. * Significant difference from non-consumer at p < 0.05. # Significant difference from non-consumer at p < 0.05 after additionally adjusting data for vitamin D intake from dietary supplements, sea food, and other non-milk dietary sources. a p linear trend after additionally adjusting data for vitamin D intake from non-milk sources, supplements and sea food. N = 4061 aged 2–8 years; 8700 aged 9–18 years; 17,457 aged 19–70 years; 3454 aged 71–99 years.