Table 8.
Serum vitamin D (serum 25(OH)D) status (nmol/L) by milk type in ethnic population groups, NHANES 2001–2010.
| Mexican American | Other Hispanic | Non-Hispanic White | Non-Hispanic Black | Other | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2–8 years | |||||
| Non-Consumer | 63.4 ± 1.3 | 64.8 ± 2.0 | 78.2 ± 2.6 | 59.7 ± 1.6 | 65.5 ± 3.1 |
| Whole Milk Consumer | 69.2 ± 1.0 *# | 71.1 ± 2.6 *# | 81.6 ± 2.0 | 60.8 ± 1.4 | 69.7 ± 1.9 |
| Reduced-Fat Milk Consumer | 68.5 ± 1.1 *# | 74.6 ± 2.9 *# | 80.3 ± 1.4 | 60.7 ± 1.3 | 72.8 ± 3.3 *# |
| Low-Fat Milk Consumer | 71.4 ± 1.8 *# | 68.5 ± 3.5 | 84.7 ± 3.8 | 65.1 ± 3.4 | 72.2 ± 5.7 |
| Non-Fat Milk Consumer | 61.4 ± 2.9 | 70.3 ± 6.0 | 82.5 ± 2.9 | 53.0 ± 2.9 | 67.0 ± 1.9 |
| Mixed Milk Consumer | 67.3 ± 1.1 *# | 66.3 ± 1.8 | 78.0 ± 2.1 | 64.2 ± 1.7 *# | 69.2 ± 2.7 |
| 9–18 years | |||||
| Non-Consumer | 54.0 ± 1.0 | 58.2 ± 1.5 | 71.2 ± 1.5 | 43.9 ± 1.2 | 54.8 ± 2.1 |
| Whole Milk Consumer | 57.5 ± 1.2 *# | 64.1 ± 2.3 *# | 71.6 ± 1.8 | 49.0 ± 1.0 *# | 55.3 ± 2.4 |
| Reduced-Fat Milk Consumer | 59.3 ± 1.0 *# | 58.9 ± 1.5 | 72.5 ± 1.2 | 52.0 ± 1.0 *# | 60.3 ± 2.4 |
| Low-Fat Milk Consumer | 59.5 ± 1.6 *# | 58.9 ± 2.0 | 76.3 ± 2.0 *# | 49.0 ± 2.4 | 52.4 ± 6.3 |
| Non-Fat Milk Consumer | 62.9 ± 1.7 *# | 60.9 ± 4.0 | 75.8 ± 2.3 | 47.7 ± 1.7 *# | 53.3 ± 6.6 |
| Mixed Milk Consumer | 59.7 ± 1.7 *# | 64.3 ± 3.7 | 75.9 ± 1.6 *# | 56.1 ± 1.8 *# | 56.7 ± 4.0 |
| 19–70 years | |||||
| Non-Consumer | 53.3 ± 0.9 | 55.8 ± 1.6 | 68.4 ± 0.7 | 41.8 ± 0.9 | 51.7 ± 1.4 |
| Whole Milk Consumer | 53.5 ± 1.3 | 58.0 ± 1.7 | 68.8 ± 1.0 | 45.0 ± 0.9 *# | 52.8 ± 2.6 |
| Reduced-Fat Milk Consumer | 56.6 ± 1.2 *# | 57.1 ± 1.6 | 71.9 ± 0.8 *# | 47.8 ± 1.5 *# | 53.9 ± 2.3 |
| Low-Fat Milk Consumer | 56.1 ± 1.8 | 54.8 ± 2.9 | 73.0 ± 1.1 *# | 52.9 ± 2.8 *# | 56.4 ± 5.8 |
| Non-Fat Milk Consumer | 55.3 ± 2.4 | 65.0 ± 3.4 *# | 73.2 ± 0.9 *# | 51.2 ± 3.0 *# | 60.2 ± 4.2 |
| Mixed Milk Consumer | 56.5 ± 2.6 | 61.0 ± 3.2 | 74.3 ± 2.5 *# | 49.7 ± 3.5 *# | 35.7 ± 4.4 *# |
| 71+ years | |||||
| Non-Consumer | 55.8 ± 2.3 | 57.6 ± 2.8 | 64.7 ± 1.3 | 48.6 ± 2.0 | 56.7 ± 3.6 |
| Whole Milk Consumer | 53.7 ± 1.8 | 65.8 ± 5.9 | 67.7 ± 2.3 | 49.3 ± 3.0 | 55.9 ± 6.4 |
| Reduced-Fat Milk Consumer | 57.9 ± 2.0 | 63.8 ± 3.7 | 68.3 ± 1.4 *# | 58.3 ± 3.0 *# | 53.0 ± 5.5 |
| Low-Fat Milk Consumer | 53.2 ± 9.0 | 70.1 ± 8.2 | 72.3 ± 1.5 *# | 53.8 ± 4.4 | 67.1 ± 8.4 |
| Non-Fat Milk Consumer | 57.6 ± 4.9 | 77.9 ± 7.3 *# | 71.1 ± 1.3 *# | 43.6 ± 3.5 | 63.5 ± 6.8 |
| Mixed Milk Consumer | 55.1 ± 10.8 | 70.2 ± 6.8 | 65.6 ± 2.6 | 71.3 ± 6.2 *# | 59.4 ± 4.4 |
Mean serum vitamin D concentration ± standard error (SE). Least Square Means (LSM) were modeled for each age/ethnic group using linear regression across different types of milk intake after adjusting gender combined data for age, gender, poverty income ratio and BMI or BMI Z-score when the population being analyzed was < 19 years. * Significant difference from non-consumer at p < 0.05. # Significant difference from non-consumer at p < 0.05 after additionally adjusting data for vitamin D intake from non-milk sources. N = 7827 Mexican American; 2094 Other Hispanic; 14,525 non-Hispanic White; 7739 non-Hispanic Black; 1487 Other.