Figure 5.

Germination of N. alopecuroidea untreated florets and florets flamed with the small torch with and without subsequent seed cleaning. Treatments that included seed cleaning are represented with dose-response curves, while those that did not include seed cleaning are represented by horizontal dashed lines (maximum germination at 45 d) as a comparison point. The following abbreviations are used: Clean = cleaned to seed, SM = small torch, 5L5H = exposed to a low flaming temperature for 5 min followed by a high flaming temperature for 5 min, 10H = exposed to a constant high flaming temperature for 10 min.