Table 5.
Effect of dietary C. butyricum on serum immunity and antioxidant ability (mean ± SE 2).
| Item | Dietary Treatments 1 | p-Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | AGP | CBN | CBH | ||
| Day 14 | |||||
| IgA 3, µg mL−1 | 75.46 ± 6.19 a | 77.76 ± 6.73 a,b | 90.16 ± 4.97 a,b | 93.33 ± 5.88 b | 0.047 |
| IgM 3, mg mL−1 | 1.58 ± 0.17 a | 2.01 ± 0.18 a | 2.60 ± 0.13 b | 1.93 ± 0.10 a | 0.001 |
| IgG 3, mg mL−1 | 5.24 ± 0.19 | 5.46 ± 0.18 | 5.70 ± 0.17 | 5.35 ± 0.23 | 0.142 |
| IL-1β 3, pg mL−1 | 116.73 ± 5.28 | 103.11 ± 4.22 | 116.16 ± 2.21 | 108.74 ± 5.71 | 0.065 |
| IL-2 3, pg mL−1 | 102.69 ± 2.05 | 100.14 ± 3.12 | 97.03 ± 3.09 | 97.83 ± 2.43 | 0.190 |
| IL-6 3, pg mL−1 | 275.05 ± 5.74 | 267.11 ± 8.36 | 264.31 ± 6.33 | 273.59 ± 6.98 | 0.327 |
| TNFα 3, pg mL−1 | 58.46 ± 1.74 a | 53.10 ± 0.97 b | 55.99 ± 1.13 a,b | 54.78 ± 2.36 a,b | 0.032 |
| GSH-PX 3, U mL−1 | 582.48 ± 35.98 | 667.53 ± 30.20 | 674.93 ± 24.48 | 584.00 ± 31.07 | 0.066 |
| OH 3 U mL−1 | 760.05 ± 32.09 a | 609.66 ± 17.45 b | 815.80 ± 36.27 a | 632.87 ± 19.70 b | <0.001 |
| SOD 3 U mL−1 | 28.99 ± 3.82 | 28.42 ± 1.00 | 21.25 ± 3.90 | 28.43 ± 2.00 | 0.103 |
| T-AOC 3 mMol L−1 | 0.75 ± 0.02 | 0.75 ± 0.04 | 0.74 ± 0.03 | 0.78 ± 0.01 | 0.714 |
| H2O2 3 mMol L−1 | 45.19 ± 6.82 a,b | 35.99 ± 1.38 a | 41.45 ± 3.55 a,b | 50.52 ± 2.04 b | 0.019 |
| NO 3 µmol mL−1 | 222.86 ± 22.68 | 206.19 ± 22.77 | 202.85 ± 5.26 | 173.33 ± 5.50 | 0.064 |
| ALT 3 U L−1 | 54.56 ± 1.35 | 51.91 ± 0.92 | 51.77 ± 0.93 | 51.45 ± 1.52 | 0.112 |
| AST 3 U L−1 | 25.92 ± 0.54 a,b | 25.89 ± 1.32 a,b | 21.89 ± 0.62 b | 33.56 ± 1.44 a | <0.001 |
| ALP 3 U L−1 | 84.29 ± 0.80 a | 62.65 ± 0.71 c | 76.61 ± 2.39 b | 63.44 ± 1.81 c | <0.001 |
| γ-GT 3 U L−1 | 31.60 ± 0.65 a | 24.08 ± 0.63 b | 20.56 ± 0.64 c | 21.48 ± 0.82 c | <0.001 |
| CHE 3 U L−1 | 625.83 ± 10.43 a | 554.48 ± 13.03 b | 447.97 ± 13.21c | 363.13 ± 16.45 d | <0.001 |
| Day 28 | |||||
| IgA, µg mL−1 | 92.34 ± 8.03 a | 113.07 ± 8.65 b | 125.82 ± 3.18 b | 119.33 ± 5.45 b | 0.012 |
| IgM, mg mL−1 | 2.40 ± 0.15 a | 2.77 ± 0.14 a,b | 2.87 ± 0.10 b | 2.67 ± 0.17 a,b | 0.033 |
| IgG, mg mL−1 | 6.01 ± 0.26 a | 6.52 ± 0.23 a | 7.44 ± 0.17 b | 6.42 ± 0.13 a | 0.001 |
| IL-1β, pg mL−1 | 101.28 ± 4.05 a | 80.58 ± 5.65 c | 87.70 ± 3.16 b,c | 97.47 ± 3.95 a,b | 0.011 |
| IL-2, pg mL−1 | 103.53 ± 3.02 a | 110.89 ± 3.76 a,b | 118.77 ± 3.79 b | 111.46 ± 2.82 a,b | 0.038 |
| IL-6, pg mL−1 | 287.41 ± 5.81 a | 224.87 ± 6.87 b | 240.04 ± 5.04 b | 246.91 ± 10.15 b | <0.001 |
| TNFα, pg mL−1 | 53.01 ± 1.99 | 49.11 ± 2.38 | 48.74 ± 1.76 | 52.68 ± 2.56 | 0.224 |
| GSH-PX, U mL−1 | 580.23 ± 38.00 a | 646.27 ± 23.30 a,b | 683.44 ± 36.46 b | 604.81 ± 17.05 a,b | 0.027 |
| OH U mL−1 | 603.18 ± 10.77 a | 607.34 ± 24.54 a | 661.34 ± 8.32 b | 612.88 ± 18.44 a,b | 0.034 |
| SOD U mL−1 | 19.30 ± 2.34 | 26.17 ± 2.19 | 22.29 ± 1.76 | 23.43 ± 3.81 | 0.08 |
| T-AOC mMol L−1 | 0.76 ± 0.02 a,b | 0.72 ± 0.02 a | 0.77 ± 0.01 a,b | 0.79 ± 0.02 b | 0.034 |
| H2O2 mMol L−1 | 74.66 ± 6.50 | 64.67 ± 4.33 | 63.72 ± 3.92 | 66.11 ± 4.89 | 0.171 |
| NO µmol mL−1 | 77.14 ± 7.94 a | 124.28 ± 7.40 c | 101.90 ± 5.60 b | 97.62 ± 6.41 b | 0.001 |
| ALT 3 U L−1 | 74.12 ± 1.22 a | 79.98 ± 2.43 b | 75.97 ± 1.44 a,b | 75.61 ± 1.90 a,b | 0.033 |
| AST 3 U L−1 | 33.14 ± 0.94 b | 34.68 ± 1.44 b | 29.35 ± 0.80 c | 43.45 ± 1.55 a | <0.001 |
| ALP 3 U L−1 | 45.11 ± 1.68 | 44.93 ± 1.56 | 42.43 ± 1.58 | 43.97 ± 1.29 | 0.273 |
| γ-GT 3 U L−1 | 28.12 ± 1.16 a | 25.87 ± 1.21 a | 26.61 ± 1.09 a | 32.98 ± 1.19 b | 0.002 |
| CHE 3 U L−1 | 460.86 ± 12.31 a | 756.90 ± 8.94 c | 561.46 ± 14.27 b | 741.74 ± 17.50 c | <0.001 |
a–c Different superscripts within a row indicate a significant difference (p < 0.05). 1 Dietary treatments: CON = basal diet; AGP = basal diet supplemented with 0.075 g/kg chlortetracycline, 0.055 g/kg kitasamycin, and 0.01 g/kg virginiamycin; CBN = basal diet supplemented with 2.5 × 108 CFU/kg C. butyricum; CBH = basal diet supplemented with 2.5 × 109 CFU/kg C. butyricum. 2 SE: standard error of the mean. Each treatment group contains six replicates (n = 6), and each replicate includes one piglet. 3 IgA immunoglobulin A; IgM immunoglobulin M; IgG immunoglobulin G; IL-1β, interleukin 1β; IL-2, interleukin 2; IL-6, interleukin 6; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α; GSH-PX, glutathione peroxidase; OH, inhibiting ability of hydroxyl radical; SOD, superoxide dismutase; T-AOC, total antioxidant capacity; H2O2, hydrogen peroxide; NO, nitric oxide; ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; γ-GT, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; CHE, Cholinesterase.