. 2020 Dec 3;10(12):2287. doi: 10.3390/ani10122287

Table 6.

Effect of dietary C. butyricum on the intestinal morphology of piglets (mean ± SE ²).

Item	Dietary Treatments ¹				p-Value
Item	CON	AGP	CBN	CBH	p-Value
Duodenum
Villus height, μm	651.99 ± 13.56	670.89 ± 8.61	656.67 ± 9.29	680.22 ± 19.32	0.183
Crypt depth, μm	288.83 ± 9.96	293.41 ± 8.42	299.29 ± 6.82	304.47 ± 10.00	0.266
Villus height/Crypt depth	2.27 ± 0.05	2.30 ± 0.06	2.20 ± 0.05	2.25 ± 0.07	0.309
Jejunum
Villus height, μm	658.99 ± 19.02 ^a	695.39 ± 14.33 ^a,b	694.36 ± 15.66 ^a,b	727.42 ± 11.10 ^b	0.030
Crypt depth, μm	276.35 ± 6.32 ^a	309.53 ± 13.10 ^a,b	300.30 ± 15.01 ^a,b	316.41 ± 11.11 ^b	0.022
Villus height/Crypt depth	2.38 ± 0.06	2.27 ± 0.09	2.35 ± 0.09	2.33 ± 0.09	0.393
Ileum
Villus height, μm	568.06 ± 12.61	584.11 ± 22.18	602.39 ± 25.57	605.67 ± 23.70	0.270
Crypt depth, μm	251.42 ± 9.07	245.86 ± 8.80	261.72 ± 14.49	252.95 ± 9.01	0.344
Villus height/Crypt depth	2.28 ± 0.08	2.38 ± 0.08	2.35 ± 0.12	2.40 ± 0.07	0.400

^a,b Different superscripts within a row indicate a significant difference (p < 0.05). ¹ Dietary treatments: CON = basal diet; AGP = basal diet supplemented with 0.075 g/kg chlortetracycline, 0.055 g/kg kitasamycin, and 0.01 g/kg virginiamycin; CBN = basal diet supplemented with 2.5 × 10⁸ CFU/kg C. butyricum; CBH = basal diet supplemented with 2.5 × 10⁹ CFU/kg C. butyricum.² SE: standard error of the mean. Each treatment group contains six replicates (n = 6), and each replicate includes one male piglet.