Table 1.

Approved antiviral agents [15].

S.No.	Drugs	Mode of Action
1	Remdesivir	Conceals the RNA polymerase and evades viral endonuclease proofreading, thereby reducing the viral RNA production inside the host cell
2	Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine	Alter the pH of the lysosome, thereby deteriorating the viral proteins; also inhibit the entry of the virus into cells by interfering with the phage–host fusion through glycosylation of the ACE2 receptor and spike proteins
3	Lopinavir–Ritonavir	Restricts the protease activity
4	Umifenovir (Arbidol)	Blocks the virus–host cell membrane fusion through hydrogen bonding with phospholipids
5	Favipiravir (Avigan)	Restricts the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
6	Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)	Inhibits the neuraminidase enzyme on the viral surface
7	Immune Interferon-alpha (IFN-α)	Inhibits the protein synthesis from viral RNA
8	Ribavirin	Interferes with the RNA metabolism