Figure 2.

Effects of camphene on serum-starved L6 skeletal muscle cells. L6 skeletal muscle cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) supplemented with horse serum (1%) and treated with and without camphene (300 μM) for 3 d. UN: untreated group; ST: starvation group; ST + CA: starvation plus camphene group. (a) Observation of cell morphology by light microscopy; (b) the bar graph represents the relative cell size compared with the UN; (c) muscle RING-finger-1 (MuRF-1) expression (green color) was determined by immunocytochemistry; (d) the bar graph represents the relative intensity of MuRF-1; (e) immunocytochemistry assay with Mito Tracker^TM Red FM (red color); (f) immunocytochemistry assay with anti-8-oxoguanine (8-OXG) antibody (green color). DAPI, 4′-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (blue color); data are (b,d) expressed as mean relative percentages compared with the UN ± standard deviations. * p < 0.05 vs. UN; ^# p < 0.05 vs. ST.