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. 2020 Dec 4;9(12):2592. doi: 10.3390/cells9122592

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Relationship between resting CD4⁺CD28⁻ cells and bone loss. (a) Correlation between the percentage of these cells and β-Crosslap, Bone Mineral Density( BMD) total femur, BMD neck femur, and BMD distal radium was determined (Section 2.2, Materials and Methods). EA patients at baseline were analyzed. (b) mRNA expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (RANKL) was determined by semiquantitative real-time PCR analysis in non-EA donors, EA patients at baseline, and after 6 months of disease progression. Results are expressed as relative mRNA levels (normalized to SDHA mRNA levels, 2^−ΔCt). Data are presented as the interquartile range (p75 upper edge of the box, p25 lower edge, and p50 midline), p90 (line above the box), and p10 (line below the box) from 8 different non-EA donors and 10 EA patients. Dots represent outliers. Statistical significance was established using Wilcoxon t test for the comparison between CD4⁺CD28⁺ and CD4⁺CD28⁻ and Mann–Whitney test for the comparison between cells from different groups.