Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of prepubertal children by sex and BMI.
| Total (n = 693) | Boys (n = 145) | Girls (n = 548) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal (n = 86) | Overweight (n = 27) | Obesity (n = 32) | p Value | Normal (n = 403) | Overweight (n = 82) | Obesity (n = 63) | p Value | ||
| Age (year) | 8.03 ± 0.94 | 8.81 ± 0.91 | 8.71 ± 1.06 | 8.49 ± 0.99 | 0.277 | 7.93 ± 0.80 | 7.75 ± 0.88 | 7.46 ± 0.98 | <0.001 |
| Height (cm) | 129.53 ± 7.19 | 135.07 ± 6.47 | 136.97 ± 6.38 | 135.00 ± 6.12 | 0.374 | 128.10 ± 6.38 | 128.11 ± 6.76 | 127.04 ± 7.40 | 0.484 |
| Height SDS | 0.29 ± 0.84 | 0.50 ± 0.86 | 0.96 ± 0.60 | 0.83 ± 0.68 | 0.013 | 0.12 ± 0.80 | 0.33 ± 0.86 | 0.46 ± 0.90 | 0.003 |
| Weight (kg) | 30.11 ± 6.32 | 32.35 ± 4.80 | 39.42 ± 5.23 | 43.29 ± 6.21 | <0.001 | 26.87 ± 3.89 | 32.07 ± 4.15 | 34.52 ± 5.95 | <0.001 |
| Weight SDS | 0.50 ± 0.95 | 0.25 ± 0.71 | 1.42 ± 0.27 | 2.03 ± 0.43 | <0.001 | 0.03 ± 0.71 | 1.21 ± 0.40 | 1.78 ± 0.49 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 17.81 ± 2.58 | 17.65 ± 1.67 | 20.89 ± 1.15 | 23.63 ± 2.12 | <0.001 | 16.31 ± 1.42 | 19.44 ± 0.77 | 21.21 ± 1.56 | <0.001 |
| BMI SDS | 0.39 ± 1.11 | 0.01 ± 0.76 | 1.38 ± 0.15 | 2.34 ± 0.50 | <0.001 | −0.20 ± 0.77 | 1.33 ± 0.18 | 2.07 ± 0.36 | <0.001 |
| TC (mg/dL) | 169.10 ± 26.61 | 161.14 ± 23.24 | 173.81 ± 34.75 | 184.19 ± 30.98 | <0.001 | 167.21 ± 25.58 | 175.38 ± 29.39 | 174.21 ± 22.16 | 0.009 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 54.50 ± 10.61 | 56.87 ± 12.53 | 53.04 ± 6.54 | 53.22 ± 13.26 | 0.179 | 55.34 ± 10.20 | 51.78 ± 9.81 | 50.75 ± 9.86 | <0.001 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 92.67 ± 24.72 | 82.53 ± 21.32 | 94.99 ± 32.33 | 101.47 ± 28.17 | 0.001 | 91.63 ± 23.28 | 99.28 ± 27.70 | 99.11 ± 23.58 | 0.005 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 109.65 ± 62.21 | 108.67 ± 72.43 | 128.78 ± 71.72 | 147.31 ± 82.04 | 0.039 | 101.27 ± 54.61 | 121.59 ± 69.90 | 121.67 ± 55.48 | 0.001 |
| Non-HDL-C (mg/dL) | 114.59 ± 24.93 | 104.27 ± 19.27 | 120.75 ± 35.45 | 130.93 ± 29.72 | <0.001 | 111.86 ± 23.59 | 123.60 ± 26.41 | 123.44 ± 20.04 | <0.001 |
| AIP | 0.25 ± 0.27 | 0.23 ± 0.28 | 0.32 ± 0.26 | 0.39 ± 0.30 | 0.015 | 0.22 ± 0.26 | 0.32 ± 0.26 | 0.35 ± 0.25 | <0.001 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 92.56 ± 7.13 | 94.10 ± 6.08 | 94.15 ± 5.85 | 95.88 ± 5.20 | 0.327 | 91.80 ± 7.48 | 92.35 ± 7.06 | 93.24 ± 6.84 | 0.326 |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 12.33 ± 2.65 | 12.49 ± 2.63 | 13.36 ± 2.02 | 12.98 ± 2.24 | 0.232 | 12.04 ± 2.63 | 12.50 ± 2.58 | 13.02 ± 3.01 | 0.016 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.44 ± 0.08 | 0.48 ± 0.08 | 0.47 ± 0.09 | 0.48 ± 0.07 | 0.821 | 0.43 ± 0.08 | 0.45 ± 0.09 | 0.42 ± 0.08 | 0.219 |
| AST (IU/L) | 27.41 ± 6.02 | 27.26 ± 5.45 | 27.19 ± 8.67 | 28.44 ± 8.82 | 0.691 | 27.73 ± 5.98 | 26.74 ± 4.62 | 26.02 ± 5.44 | 0.049 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 15.32 ± 10.08 | 15.66 ± 7.37 | 28.41 ± 31.47 | 25.34 ± 18.14 | 0.001 | 13.25 ± 4.57 | 14.66 ± 5.67 | 18.30 ± 10.03 | <0.001 |
Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation. The p-value comes from the analysis of variance according to BMI among boys and girls, respectively. SHBG: sex hormone-binding globulin; BMI: body mass index; SDS: standard deviation score; TC: total cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; AIP: atherogenic index of plasma; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; AST: aspartate transaminase; ALT: alanine transaminase.