Table 2.
Summary effects of n-3 PUFAs on the outcomes of interest among the included studies and quality evidence of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE).
| Outcome | No. of Studies | No. of Participants | Statistical Method | Effect Estimate | p-Value | Heterogeneity (I2) |
Certainty of the Evidence (GRADE) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Muscle mass (kg) | 6 | 202 | SMD. Random | 0.33 (0.05, 0.62) |
0.02 | 0% | ⊕⊕⊕◯ MODERATE |
| Grip strength (kg) | 3 | 97 | SMD. Random | 0.53 (−0.64, 1.69) |
0.37 | 85% | ⊕◯◯◯ VERY LOW |
| One-repetition maximum leg strength (kg) | 3 | 88 | SMD. Random | −0.15 (−0.93, 0.62) |
0.70 | 69% | ⊕◯◯◯ VERY LOW |
| Walk speed (m/sec) | 5 | 251 | SMD. Random | 0.81 (−0.05, 1.67) |
0.06 | 88% | ⊕◯◯◯ VERY LOW |
| Time up and go test (s) | 4 | 136 | MD. Random | −0.30 (−0.43, −0.17) | <0.0001 | 37% | ⊕◯◯◯ VERY LOW |
Abbreviations: SMD: standardized mean difference; MD: mean difference.