Table 1.
Demographics and baseline characteristics between groups.
| Characteristics | Severe Pneumonia (n = 119) | Mild Pneumonia (n = 219) |
p-Value | Deceased (n = 51) | Survival (n = 289) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 77.32 (7.25) | 74.39 (6.70) | <0.001 | 79.08 (7.81) | 74.76 (6.70) | <0.001 |
| Sex, male, n (%) | 61 (51.3) | 68 (31.1) | <0.001 | 29 (56.9) | 101 (34.9) | 0.003 |
| Days from symptom onset to diagnosis | 2.92 (1.98–3.87) | 2.69 (2.01–3.38) | 0.704 | 2.85 (1.47–4.22) | 2.74 (2.14–3.35) | 0.895 |
| Days from symptom onset to admission | 5.05 (3.47–6.63) | 8.40 (7.33–9.47) | <0.001 | 3.82 (1.45–6.2) | 7.90 (6.94–8.85) | 0.002 |
| Days from diagnosis to admission | 2.88 (1.75–4.01) | 5.84 (5.10–6.59) | <0.001 | 1.55 (−0.20–3.30) | 5.42 (4.76–6.08) | <0.001 |
| Total hospital days | 27.89 (25.2–30.59) | 24.47 (22.49–26.44) | 0.050 | 16.57 (12.50–20.63) | 27.10 (25.42–28.78) | <0.001 |
| Nursing facility living | 19 (16.0) | 21 (9.6) | 0.083 | 11 (21.6) | 29 (10.0) | 0.018 |
| ADL impairment | 56 (47.1) | 26 (11.9) | <0.001 | 35 (68.6) | 49 (17.0) | <0.001 |
| Smoking | 8 (6.1) | 13 (13.7) | 0.051 | 6 (13.6) | 15 (8.1) | 0.253 |
| Comorbidity | 0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| 2 | 60 (50.4) | 65 (29.7) | 34 (66.7) | 92 (31.8) | ||
| 1 | 33 (27.7) | 84 (38.4) | 10 (19.6) | 108 (37.4) | ||
| 0 | 26 (21.8) | 70 (32.0) | 7 (13.7) | 89 (30.8) | ||
| DM | 49 (41.5) | 56 (25.7) | 0.003 | 28 (54.9) | 78 (27.2) | <0.001 |
| HTN | 74 (62.7) | 113 (51.8) | 0.055 | 34 (66.7) | 154 (53.7) | 0.085 |
| CHF/CAD | 14 (11.9) | 26 (11.9) | 0.987 | 7 (13.7) | 34 (11.9) | 0.705 |
| Lung disease | 11 (9.2) | 14 (6.4) | 0.345 | 8 (15.7) | 17 (5.9) | 0.036 |
| CKD | 7 (5.9) | 4 (1.8) | 0.044 | 4 (7.8) | 7 (2.4) | 0.067 |
| Malignant disorder | 11 (9.3) | 10 (4.6) | 0.089 | 6 (11.8) | 15 (5.2) | 0.107 |
| Dementia | 24 (20.3) | 25 (11.5) | 0.028 | 13 (25.5) | 36 (12.5) | 0.016 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 23.58 (22.86–24.31) | 23.07 (22.48–23.66) | 0.280 | 23.35 (22.17–24.52) | 23.26 (22.76–23.76) | 0.895 |
| Initial systolic BP, mmHg | 135.32 (131.44–139.19) | 145.82 (142.95–148.69) | <0.001 | 133.32 (127.13–139.51) | 143.58 (141.07–146.10) | 0.003 |
| Initial diastolic BP, mmHg | 75.86 (73.57–78.14) | 83.04 (81.35–84.73) | <0.001 | 75.71 (72.02–79.40) | 81.30 (79.80–82.80) | 0.006 |
| Initial HR, per min | 90.06 (87.04–93.09) | 87.37 (85.12–89.61) | 0.160 | 91.33 (86.56–96.10) | 87.81 (85.87–89.75) | 0.182 |
| Initial RR, per min | 22.84 (22.22–23.46) | 19.81 (19.36–20.26) | <0.001 | 23.37 (22.33–24.40) | 20.47 (20.06–20.88) | <0.001 |
| Initial body temperature, °C | 37.11 (36.99–37.23) | 36.80 (36.71–36.89) | <0.001 | 37.08 (36.89–37.27) | 36.88 (36.80–36.96) | 0.059 |
| CXR infiltration at admission | 98 (82.4) | 129 (58.9) | <0.001 | 43 (86.0) | 185 (64.0) | 0.002 |
All continuous variables were adjusted for age using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Data are presented as the LS (least squares) means (IQR, interquartile range) or n (%), except age, and age data are presented as the means (SD). ADL, activities of daily living; BP, blood pressure; HR, heart rate; RR, respiratory rate; CXR, chest X-ray.