Table 3.

Overview of the differentially expressed miRNAs analyzed in blood.

Study	miRNAs		Blood	Sample Size	Normalization	Associated Clinical Characteristics
Perfetti 2014 [33]	miR-113a miR-193b miR-191 miR-454 miR-574 miR-885-5p miR-886-3p miR-27b	↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↓	Plasma	36 DM1 36 ctrls	Cel-miR-39 miR-17-5p miR-106a	Negative correlation to MRC score Positive correlation to MIRS scale
Koutsoulidou 2015 [34]	miR-1 miR-133a/b miR-206	↑ ↑ ↑	Serum	23 DM1 23 ctrls	miR-16	Increased levels in progressive muscle wasting compared to stable muscle wasting
Perfetti 2016 [58]	miR-1 miR-133a/b miR-206 miR-140-3p miR-454 miR-574 miR-27b	↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↓	Plasma	103 DM1 111 ctrls	Cel-miR-39 miR-17-5p miR-106a	Negative correlation to muscle strength Non-significant correlation to CK levels
Koutsoulidou 2017 [59]	miR-1 miR-133a/b miR-206 miR-113a miR-193b miR-191 miR-574 miR-885-5p miR-886-3p miR-27b	↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑	Serum	63 DM1 63 ctrls	miR-16	Increased levels in progressive muscle wasting compared to stable muscle wasting
Pegoraro 2020 [51]	miR-1 miR-133a/b miR-206	↑ ↑* ↑	Serum	9 DM1 7 ctrls	miR-39-3p C. elegans	After a six-week exercise training the 4 miRNAs significantly decreased in parallel with improved muscle function
Ambrose 2017 [52]	miR-133a miR-29b miR-33a	↑ ↑ ↑	Whole blood	10 DM1 10 ctrls	Hsa-miR-183

↑ = upregulation, ↓ = downregulation, DM1 = DM1 patients, ctrls = healthy subjects, * only in a subset of patients. Normalization stands for the miRNA, either endogenous or spike-in, that has been used to normalize the differentially expressed miRNAs. General associated clinical characteristics are indicated per study.