Table 1.

Summary of cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) subtypes.

Disease Model	Subtype	Features	Reference
Breast Cancer	vCAF	Derived from cells in the perivascular location. Express PDGFR-α. Produce high levels of α-SMA.	Bartoschek et al. [40] Sebastien et al. [42]
	cCAF	Similar to vCAF, except high expression of Ki67 and cell cycle genes. Thought to be vCAFs that are proliferative.
	mCAF	Derived from resident fibroblasts. Express PDGFR-β. Gene signatures for ECM activation and EMT observed.
	dCAF	Derived from epithelial tumor cells. Express genes related to tumor initiating cells.
	apCAF	Express MHCII but no other co-stimulatory molecules. Also express CD74. Can activate CD4+ T cells in an antigen-specific fashion.	Sebastien et al. [42]
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma	myCAF	Derived from pancreatic stem cells and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Reside close to bulk of the primary tumor. Express PDGFR-α and α-SMA similar to vCAFs identified in breast cancer.	Ohlund et al. [43]
	iCAF	Secrete inflammatory cytokines. Reside far from the tumor, possibly originating from resident fibroblasts. Express PDGFR-β similar to mCAFs identified in breast cancer.
	apCAF	Similar to breast cancer apCAFs described above.	Elyada et al. [44]