Table 2.
Stimuli-responsive PSC in brain diseases.
| PS Ref |
System (Preparation) |
Stimuli | Active Targeting | AR | Disease Drug |
Performance | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| In Vitro | In Vivo | Outcome | ||||||
| HA [64] |
Prodrug (condensation) |
pH | Lf | systemic | Glioma DOX | U87 C6 |
C6 orthotopic mice |
Enhanced uptake §
Improved pharmacokinetics # Synergism # |
| HA [65] |
Micelles (self-assembly) |
Redox | --- | systemic | Glioma CUR |
G422 | --- | Enhanced uptake § |
| HA [66] |
Micelles (self-assembly) |
Redox | Tween80 | systemic | Glioma CUR |
BEnd3 G422 |
--- | Enhanced uptake § |
| PHB-DEX [67] |
NP (sonication) |
ROS | --- | systemic | Stroke --- |
PC-12; BCECs | SD rat | Improved pharmacokinetics # Neurological amelioration # |
| CMC [68] |
NP (precipitation) |
Magnetic | --- | --- | --- DPM |
HLMVE | --- | Enhanced uptake § |
| CH/ DEX [69] |
NP (ion gelation) |
Magnetic | --- | systemic | GBM --- |
C6; U87 | C6 xenograft |
Enhanced uptake §
Synergism # |
| CH [70] |
micelles (solvent evap) |
Magnetic | --- | NB | TBI DNA | HT22 | SD rats | Enhanced uptake § Improved pharmacokinetics # |
| CH [71] |
NP (precipitation) |
Magnetic | Tf | systemic | GBM DOX |
U251 MG | --- | Enhanced uptake § |
| CH [72] |
NP (precipitation) |
Magnetic/ Redox |
CTX | CED | GBM BG |
SF767 | GBM6 mice xenograft | Enhanced uptake § Improved pharmacokinetics # Synergism # |
| HA [73] |
NP (chem-coat) |
Magnetic/ pH |
cAA; Lf; HA | NB | GBM LND |
U87MG | Wistar rats | Enhanced uptake § Improved pharmacokinetics # |
§ From in vitro data; * in vivo by animal behavior performance; # in vivo by analytical assessment; BG: O6-benzylguanine; cAA: cis-aconitic anhydride; CED: convection-enhanced delivery; CMC: carboxymethylcellulose; CTX: chlorotoxin; CUR: curcumin; DEX: dextran; DOX: doxorubicin; DPM: dopamine; GNM: glioblastoma; HA: hyaluronic acid; Lf: lactoferrin; LND: lenalidomide; NB: noise to brain; PHB-DEX: boronic acid conjugated dextran; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SD: Sprague-Dawley rats; TBI: traumatic brain injury; Tf: transferrin.