Table 3.
Brain targeting strategies modifying the PSC administration route.
| PS Ref |
System (Preparation) |
AR | Disease Drug |
Performance | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| In Vitro | In Vivo | Outcome | ||||
| Ace-DEX [82] |
NF (extrusion) |
Local | GBM PTX |
U87 | Athymic nude mice | Controlled release §
Improved pharmacokinetics # |
| CH/ALG/ AGAR [83] |
Hydrogel (cryogelation) |
Local | Parkinson DMT |
OE-MSCs | --- | Neuronal differentiation § |
| HA [84] |
Scaffold (mixing) |
Local | TBI bFGF |
NSCs | TBI rats | Stem cell differentiation §
Neurological amelioration # |
| CCH [85] |
Conjugate (chem-coup) |
NB | Parkinson DA Tyr |
OECs | --- | Enhanced uptake § |
| CMCH [86] |
NP (desolvation) |
NB | Epilepsy CBZ |
--- | C57BL mice | Improved pharmacokinetics # |
| CH [87] |
NSP (ion gelation) |
NB | Alzheimer DNZ |
--- | SD rats | Improved pharmacokinetics # |
| CH [88] |
NP (ion gelation) |
NB | Parkinson RGT |
SH-SY5Y | SD rats | Enhanced uptake §
Improved pharmacokinetics # Neurological amelioration *# |
| CG [89] |
NP (ion gelation) |
NB | Parkinson RGN |
GNM | Swiss albino mice | Enhanced permeation §
Improved pharmacokinetics # |
| CH [90] |
NP (ion gelation) |
NB | Migraine ZMT |
--- | Swiss albino mice | Improved pharmacokinetics # |
| CH [91] |
NP (ion gelation) |
NB | CNS Lymphoma MTX |
--- | SD rats | Improved pharmacokinetics # |
| CH [92] |
NP (ion gelation) |
NB | Ischemia RUT |
GNM | Wistar rats | Improved pharmacokinetics # Neurological amelioration # |
| CH [93] |
NP (ion gelation) |
NB | Ischemia SCU |
--- | C57BL mice | Improved pharmacokinetics # |
| CH [94] |
NP (ion gelation) |
NB | GBM anti-Gal-1 siRNA |
GL261; HPC | GL261-WT; GL261-BFP orthotopic mice | Enhanced uptake §
Neurological amelioration # |
| CH [95] |
NP (ion gelation) |
NB | Schizophrenia QF |
GNM | SD rats | Enhanced permeation §
Improved pharmacokinetics # |
| CH [96] |
ME (water trit) |
NB | Schizophrenia QF |
GNM | SD rats | Enhanced permeation §
Improved pharmacokinetics # |
| CH [97] |
NE (emulsion) |
NB | BBB overcoming CUR |
SNM | --- | Enhanced permeation § |
| CH [98] |
ME (water trit) |
NB | Dementia RIV |
SNM | SD rats | Enhanced permeation §
Improved pharmacokinetics # |
| CH [99] |
NE (water trit) |
NB | Migraine ZMT |
SNM | SD rats | Enhanced permeation §
Improved pharmacokinetics # |
| TMCH [100] |
NE (HP-homogen) |
NB | Parkinson ROP |
--- | Swiss albino mice | Improved pharmacokinetics # |
| CH [101] |
CSLNP (HP-homogen) |
NB | Glioma TMZ |
--- | Winstar rats | Improved pharmacokinetics # Reduced toxicity # |
| CH [102] |
CSNP (solv em evap) |
NB | Depression DVX |
porcine mucin | Wistar rats | Improved pharmacokinetics # Neurological amelioration * # |
| CH-Asp [103] |
ME (water trit) |
NB | Anxiety BUS |
SNM | Wistar albino rats |
Improved pharmacokinetics # |
| CH [104] |
CSNP (solv em evap) |
NB | Parkinson RGN |
GNM | Wistar rat | Enhanced permeation §
Improved pharmacokinetics # |
| CH [105] |
CSNP (double em) |
NB | Epilepsy CAT |
GNM | Wistar rats | Enhanced permeation §
Improved pharmacokinetics # |
| CH [106] |
CSNP (solv em evap) |
NB | Cerebral Ischemia GA |
GNM | Albino Wistar Rats | Mucoadhesion § Enhanced permeation §
Improved pharmacokinetics # |
| CH [107] |
CSLM (melt em) |
NB | --- REV |
NCM460 | Wistar rats | Enhanced permeation §
Improved pharmacokinetics # |
| CH [108] |
CSNP (melt em) |
NB | Parkinson GDNF |
--- | C57BL/6J mice | Neurological amelioration # |
| CH [109] |
CSL (film hydration) |
NB | Cachexia GHRL |
Calu3 | --- | Mucoadhesion § Enhanced permeation § |
| CH [110] |
Gel (cold method) |
NB | HIV DB213 |
--- | SD rats; C57BL/6J mice |
Improved pharmacokinetics # |
| CH [111] |
Gel (cold method) |
NB | Polyglutamine diseases QBP1/L1P3V8 |
--- | SD rats; C57 WT mice; R6/2 HD transgenic mice |
Improved pharmacokinetics # Neurological amelioration * # |
| CH/ HPMC [112] |
Gel (cold method) |
NB | --- CRM |
--- | --- | Controlled release § |
| HA [113] |
MP (ion interaction) |
NB | Alzheimer --- |
CHO | AppNL−G-F knock-in mouse | Enhanced uptake §
Improved pharmacokinetics # |
| HA / DAEDEX [114] |
CSNP (physical coating) |
NB | Anxiolytics ZPD |
--- | BALB/c mice | Neurological amelioration * |
| HA [115] |
NE (spontaneous em) |
NB | Neurodegenerative diseases REV; CUR |
SNM | Albino rats | Enhanced permeation §
Improved pharmacokinetics # |
| GG/XG [116] |
Gel (melt em-probe sonication) |
NB | Alzheimer REV |
SNM | SD rats | Enhanced permeation §
Improved pharmacokinetics # |
| GG [117] |
Gel (cold gelation) |
NB | Migraine SMP |
SNM | SD rats | Enhanced permeation §
Improved pharmacokinetics # Neurological amelioration * |
§ from in vitro data; * in vivo by animal behavior performance; # in vivo by analytical assessment; Ace-DEX: acetalated dextran; AGR: agarose; ALG: alginate; AR: administration route; BUS: buspirone hydrochloride; CAT: catechin hydrate; CBZ: carbamazepine; CCH: carboxylated chitosan; CH: chitosan; CH-Asp: chitosan aspartate; chem-coup: chemical coupling; CRM: carmustine; CSL: core-shell liposomes; CSLM: core-shell lipid microparticles; CSNP: core-shell nanoparticles; CUR: curcumin; DAE-DEX: diethylaminoethyl-dextran; DEX: dextran; DMT: dexamethasone; DNZ: donepezil; DVX: desvenlafaxine; em: emulsion; GA: glycyrrhizic acid; GBM: glioblastoma; GDNF: glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor; GHRL: ghrelin; GLG: Gellan gum; GNM: goat nasal mucosa; HPG: human primary glioblastoma cells; HP-homogen: high-pressure homogenization; ME: microemulsion; MTX: methotrexate; MP: microparticles; NE: nanoemulsion; NF: nanofibers; NPS: nanosuspension; PTX: paclitaxel; QBP1: polyQ binding peptide 1; QF: quetiapine fumarate; REV: resveratrol; RGN: rasagiline; RGT: rotigotine; RIV: rivastigmine; RLH: rat liver homogenate; RNA-NC: RNA nanocomplex; ROP: ropinirole hydrochloride; RUT: rutin; SCU: scutellarin; SLM: solid-lipid microparticles; SMP: sumatriptan succinate; SNM: sheep nasal mucosa; solv em evap: solvent emulsion evaporation; TAT: transactivator of transcription; TBI: traumatic brain injury; TMCH: trimethylchitosan; trit: tritation; TMZ: temozolomide; XG: xanthan gum (XG), ZDV: zidovudin; ZMT: zolmitriptan; ZPD: zolpidem.