. 2020 Dec 5;12(12):773. doi: 10.3390/toxins12120773

Table 1.

Summary of LC₅₀ values (µg mL⁻¹) of pesticidal proteins from Bt and other bacteria against larvae of dipteran species.

Family	Name (Former Name)	Insect Target		Activity Range LC₅₀ (µg/mL)	References
Family	Name (Former Name)	Family	Species	Activity Range LC₅₀ (µg/mL)	References
Cry1	Cry1Ab7	Culicidae	Aedes aegypti	ND ^a	[34]
	Cry1Ac8	Glossinidae	Glossina morsitans	0.42–0.74 ^a	[35]
	Cry1Ba1	Muscidae	Musca domestica	20 ^a	[36]
		Calliphoridae	Lucilia cuprina	ND ^a,b	[37,38]
	Cry1Bc1	Muscidae	Musca domestica	79.4 ^a	[37]
		Calliphoridae	Lucilia cuprina	308 ^a	[37]
			Chrysomya albiceps	807 ^a	[37]
	Cry1Ca1	Culicidae	Aedes aegypti	39.3–141 ^a	[39,40]
			Anopheles gambiae	143–283 ^a	[39]
			Culex quinquefasciatus	126 ^a	[39]
Cry2	Cry2Aa1	Culicidae	Aedes aegypti	37.06–79.46 ^a,b	[41,42,43,44]
			Anopheles quadrimaculatus	0.37 ^a	[44]
			Aedes triseriatus (Ochlerotatus triseriatus)	2.84 ^a	[44]
			Culex quinquefasciatus	0.53 ^a	[45]
	Cry2Aa2	Culicidae	Culex quinquefasciatus	1.63 ^a	[46]
	Cry2Aa4	Culicidae	Aedes aegypti	ND ^a	[47]
			Anopheles stephensi	ND ^a	[47]
			Culex quinquefasciatus (Culex fatigans)	ND ^a	[47]
	Cry2Aa14	Culicidae	Culex quinquefasciatus	0.894 ^a	[48]
	Cry2Aa	Culicidae	Anopheles gambiae	0.11 ^a	[49]
	Cry2Ab1	Culicidae	Aedes aegypti	23.42–35.80 ^a,b	[6,43,50,51,52]
	Cry2Ab2	Culicidae	Anopheles gambiae	0.54 ^a	[49]
	Cry2Ab25	Tephritidae	Rhagoletis cerasi	ND ^b	[53]
	Cry2Ac11	Culicidae	Aedes aegypti		[6]
	Cry2Ag	Culicidae	Aedes aegypti	2.54 ^b	[51]
	Cry2Am1	Culicidae	Aedes aegypti		[6]
Cry4	Cry4Aa1	Culicidae	Aedes aegypti	0.03–13 ^a,b	[54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63]
			Anopheles gambiae	1.07–1.17 ^a	[55]
			Anopheles stephensi	0.52–7.4 ^a,b	[59,60,61,64]
			Culex pipiens	0.25–0.97 ^a	[54,59,60,61,65]
			Culex quinquefasciatus	0.05–5.04 ^a,b	[33,54,55,66]
		Simuliidae	Simulium spp.	ND ^b	[67]
	Cry4Ba1	Chironomidae	Chironomus tepperi	0.94 ^b	[68]
		Culicidae	Aedes aegypti	0.12–0.94 ^a,b	[54,55,57,58,59,61,64,69]
			Anopheles albimanus	1.3 ^b	[70]
			Anopheles gambiae	0.79 ^a	[55]
			Anopheles quadrimaculatus	0.25 ^a	[54]
			Anopheles stephensi	0.55–17 ^a,b	[59,61,64]
			Culex quinquefasciatus	24.5 ^a	[55]
		Culicidae	Culex pipiens	ND ^b	[64]
		Tipulidae	Tipula oleracea	ND ^a	[71]
		Simuliidae	Simulium spp.	ND ^b	[67]
	Cry4Ba2	Culicidae	Aedes aegypti	ND ^a	[72]
	Cry4Cb1	Culicidae	Aedes aegypti	0.083 ^b	[73]
Cry10	Cry10Aa	Culicidae	Aedes aegypti	0.3–20.61 ^a,b	[62,74]
Cry11	Cry11Aa1	Chironomidae	Chironomus tepperi	0.56 ^b	[68]
		Culicidae	Aedes aegypti	0.01-1.35 ^a,b	[41,42,57,58,61,75,76,77,78,79]
			Anopheles albimanus	0.9 ^b	[70]
			Anopheles stephensi	0.13-0.45 ^a,b	[60,75,78,80,81]
			Anopheles albimanus	6.759 ^a	[77]
			Culex pipiens	0.009-0.27 ^a	[75,78]
			Culex quinquefasciatus	0.01-0.13 ^a,b	[45,66,76,77,82,83]
		Tipulidae	Tipula oleracea	ND ^b	[81]
		Simuliidae	Simulium spp.	ND ^b	[67]
	Cry11Ba1	Culicidae	Aedes aegypti	0.02–0.03 ^a,b	[75,77,84]
			Anopheles albimanus	0.10 ^a	[77]
			Anopheles stephensi	0.04 ^a	[75]
			Culex pipiens	0.01–0.11 ^a	[61,65]
			Culex quinquefasciatus	0.006–0.02 ^a,b	[77,83,84]
	Cry11Bb1	Culicidae	Aedes aegypti	0.02–0.85 ^a,b	[76,77,85,86]
			Anopheles albimanus	0.17 ^a	[77]
			Anopheles stephensi	0.07 ^a	[85]
			Culex pipiens	0.04 ^a	[85]
			Culex quinquefasciatus	0.01–0.13 ^a,b	[76,77,86]
Cry16-Cry17-Cbm17.1-Cbm17.2	Cry16-Cry17-Cbm17.1-Cbm17.2	Culicidae	Aedes aegypti	ND ^b	[87]
Cry19	Cry19Aa	Culicidae	Anopheles stephensi	1.04 ^a	[88]
			Culex pipiens	0.19 ^a	[88]
	Cry19B	Culicidae	Culex pipiens molestus	5.93 ^a	[89]
Cry20	Cry20Aa1	Culicidae	Aedes aegypti	648 ^b	[90]
			Culex quinquefasciatus	700 ^b	[90]
Cry24	Cry24Ca1	Culicidae	Aedes aegypti	0.48 ^b	[91]
Cry27	Cry27Aa1	Culicidae	Anopheles stephensi	94.3 ^a	[92]
Cry30	Cry30Fa1	Culicidae	Aedes aegypti	15.4 ^a	[93]
	Cry30Ga1	Culicidae	Aedes aegypti	7.10 ^b	[73]
Cry39	Cry39Aa1	Culicidae	Anopheles stephensi	0.75 ^b	[94]
			Culex pipiens	41.94 ^b	[95]
Cry44	Cry44Aa1	Culicidae	Aedes aegypti	0.01 ^a	[60]
			Anopheles stephensi	1.26 ^a	[60]
			Culex pipiens	0.006 ^a	[60]
Mpp46	Mpp46Ab (Cry46Ab)	Culicidae	Culex pipiens	1.02 ^a	[96]
Cry47	Cry47Aa1	Calliphoridae	Lucilia cuprina	ND ^a	[97,98]
Cry50	Cry50Ba	Culicidae	Culex quinquefasciatus	0.07 ^a	[99]
Cry54	Cry54Aa1	Culicidae	Aedes aegypti	9.02 ^a	[100]
Cry56	Cry56Aa1	Culicidae	Aedes aegypti	0.15 ^a	[101]
Mpp60	Mpp60Aa (Cry60Aa)	Culicidae	Culex quinquefasciatus	7.9 ^b	[102]
	Mpp60Ba (Cry60Ba)	Culicidae	Culex quinquefasciatus	5.5 ^b	[102]
	Mpp60Aa+Mpp60Ba (Cry60Aa+Cry60Ba)	Culicidae	Culex quinquefasciatus	2.9 ^b	[102]
Tpp80	Tpp80Aa1 (Cry80Aa1)	Culicidae	Culex pipiens pallens	71.9 ^a	[103]
Cyt1	Cyt1Aa1	Calliphoridae	Calliphora stygia	305 ^a	[104]
			Lucilia cuprina	296 ^a	[104]
			Lucilia sericata	236 ^a	[104]
		Chironomidae	Chironomus tepperi	31 ^b	[68]
		Culicidae	Aedes aegypti	0.15–1.86 ^a,b	[74,105,106,107,108,109]
			Anopheles stephensi	2.7–6.3 ^a	[105,108]
			Culex pipiens	0.6–1.2 ^a	[105,108]
			Culex quinquefasciatus	0.4 ^a	[108]
		Tephritidae	Ceratitis capitata	ND ^a	[26]
		Tipulidae	Tipula paludosa	ND ^a	[110]
	Cyt1Aa2	Culicidae	Aedes aegypti	0.12–1.21 ^a,b	[58,63,111]
			Anopheles gambiae	1–2 ^a,b	[111]
			Culex pipiens	0.5–2 ^a,b	[111]
	Cyt1Aa4	Culicidae	Aedes aegypti	0.06 ^a	[79]
			Culex quinquefasciatus	>10 ^a	[112]
	Cyt1Ab1	Culicidae	Aedes aegypti	32.6–59 ^a,b	[105,113]
			Anopheles stephensi	20 ^a	[105]
			Culex pipiens	5.7 ^a	[105]
			Culex quinquefasciatus	32.9–114.5 ^b	[113]
	Cyt1Ba1	Agromyzidae	Liriomyza trifolii	ND ^a	[114]
Cyt2	Cyt2Aa1	Culicidae	Aedes aegypti	1–4 ^a,b	[111]
			Anopheles gambiae	1–2 ^a,b	[111]
			Culex pipiens	0.5–4 ^a,b	[111]
	Cyt2Aa2	Culicidae	Aedes aegypti	0.35–0.5 ^a	[69,115]
			Culex quinquefasciatus	0.25–0.5 ^a	[69,115]
	Cyt2Aa3	Chironomidae	Chironomus tepperi	36 ^a	[116]
		Culicidae	Culex quinquefasciatus	0.53 ^a	[116]
	Cyt2Ba1	Culicidae	Aedes aegypti	0.28–33 ^a,b	[62,108,113,117]
			Anopheles stephensi	5.5 ^a	[108]
			Culex pipiens	5 ^a	[108]
			Culex quinquefasciatus	1.8–31.5 ^a,b	[108,113]
	Cyt2Bb1	Culicidae	Aedes aegypti	6.8 ^b	[106]
	Cyt2Bc1	Culicidae	Aedes aegypti	7 ^a	[108]
			Anopheles stephensi	11 ^a	[108]
			Culex pipiens	7.3 ^a	[108]
			Culex quinquefasciatus	1.8 ^a	[108]
Mtx	Mtx1Aa1	Culicidae	Culex quinquefasciatus	0.01 ^a	[118]
			Aedes aegypti	0.05 ^a	[118]
		Chironomidae	Chironomus riparius	4.06 ^a	[119]
Mpp2	Mpp2Aa1 (Mtx2)	Culicidae	Culex quinquefasciatus	4.13–107 ^b	[66]
	Mpp2Aa1 (Mtx2 strain SSII-1)	Culicidae	Culex quinquefasciatus	0.93 ^a	[120]
			Aedes aegypti	14.5 ^a	[120]
	Mpp2Aa2 Mtx2 (31-2)	Culicidae	Culex quinquefasciatus	3.90 ^a	[120]
			Aedes aegypti	3.91 ^a	[120]
Mpp3	Mpp3Aa1 (Mtx3)	Culicidae	Culex quinquefasciatus	ND ^a	[121]
			Aedes aegypti	ND ^a	[121]
Monalysin	Monalysin	Drosophilidae	Drosophila melanogaster	ND ^a	[122]
CpbA	CpbA	Muscidae	Musca domestica	ND ^a	[123]
CpbB	CpbB	Muscidae	Musca domestica	ND ^a	[123]
CHRD	CHRD	Muscidae	Musca domestica	ND ^a	[123]
ExsC	ExsC	Muscidae	Musca domestica	ND ^a	[123]
Pmp1	Pmp1	Culicidae	Anopheles coluzzii	ND ^a	[124]
Two part toxins	Cry48Aa/Tpp49 (Cry49Aa)	Culicidae	Culex quinquefasciatus	0.02/0.006 ^a	[125]
	Tpp1/Tpp2 (BinA/BinB)	Culicidae	Aedes aegypti	42 ^a	[126,127]
			Aedes atropalpus	ND ^a	[126]
			Anopheles gambiae	0.36 ^a	[127]
			Anopheles stephensi	0.39 ^a	[127]
			Anopheles albimanus	1 ^a	[127]
			Anopheles quadrimaculatus	4.6 ^a	[127]
			Culex pipiens	0.1 ^a	[127]
		Culicidae	Culex quinquefasciatus	0.013–0.03 ^a,b	[126,128]
	Pra/Prb (PirA/PirB)	Culicidae	Aedes aegypti	ND ^a	[84,129]
Synergy	Cry1Ca/Cyt1Aa	Culicidae	Aedes aegypti	0.61 ^a	[130]
	Cry2Aa/Cry2Ab	Culicidae	Aedes aegypti	51.3 ^b	[43]
	Cry2Aa/Cry50Ba	Culicidae	Culex quinquefasciatus	0.05 ^a	[99]
	Cry4Aa/Cry4Ba	Culicidae	Aedes aegypti	0.05 ^a	[61]
			Anopheles stephensi	0.02 ^a	[61]
			Culex pipiens	0.04 ^a	[61]
			Culex quinquefasciatus	1.49–315 ^b	[66]
		Simuliidae	Simulium spp.	ND ^b	[67]

	Cry4Aa/Cyt1Aa	Culicidae	Aedes aegypti	0.07 ^a	[58]
		Chironomidae	Chironomus tepperi	44 ^b	[68]
		Tipulidae	Tipula paludosa	ND ^a	[110]
	Cry4Aa/Cyt2Ba	Culicidae	Aedes aegypti	0.013 ^b	[62,131]
	Cry4Aa/Cry11Ba	Culicidae	Culex pipiens	0.04 ^a	[65]
	Cry4Aa/Cry46Ab	Culicidae	Culex pipiens	0.18 ^a	[96]
	Cry4A/Mtx1Aa1	Culicidae	Culex quinquefasciatus	1.06–2.37 ^b	[66]
	Cry4A/Mpp2Aa1 (Mtx2)	Culicidae	Culex quinquefasciatus	0.27–1.21 ^b	[66]
	Cry4Ba/Cry11Aa	Culicidae	Anopheles albimanus	0.567 ^b	[70]
		Simuliidae	Simulium spp.	ND ^b	[67]
	Cry4Ba/Cyt1Aa	Culicidae	Aedes aegypti	0.62 ^a	[58]
		Culicidae	Anopheles albimanus	0.33–0.77 ^b	[70]
	Cry4Ba/Cyt2Aa2	Culicidae	Aedes aegypti	0.007 ^a	[69]
			Culex quinquefasciatus	0.02 ^a	[69]
	Cry4B/Mtx1Aa1	Culicidae	Culex quinquefasciatus	18.2–29.0 ^b	[66]
	Cry4B/Mpp2Aa1 (Mtx2)	Culicidae	Culex quinquefasciatus	85.7 ^b	[66]
	Cry10Aa/Cyt1Aa	Culicidae	Aedes aegypti	0.03–0.08 ^a,b	[74]
	Cry10Aa/Cyt2Ba	Culicidae	Aedes aegypti	0.004 ^b	[62]
	Cry11Aa/Cyt1Aa	Culicidae	Aedes aegypti	0.01–0.12 ^a	[58,79]
		Culicidae	Anopheles albimanus	0.28–0.37 ^b	[70]
	Cry11/Mtx1Aa1	Culicidae	Culex quinquefasciatus	0.66–3.03 ^b	[66]
	Cry11/Mpp2Aa1 (Mtx2)		Culex quinquefasciatus	0.90 ^b	[66]
	Cry11Bb/Cry29Aa	Culicidae	Aedes aegypti	3.94 ^a	[85]
			Anopheles stephensi	2.13 ^a	[85]
			Culex pipiens	0.73 ^a	[85]
	Cry11Bb/Cry30Aa	Culicidae	Aedes aegypti	16.96 ^a	[85]
			Anopheles stephensi	1.43 ^a	[85]
			Culex pipiens	1.13 ^a	[85]
	Cry4A/Cry4B/Cry11A	Culicidae	Aedes aegypti	0.12 ^a	[58]
			Culex quinquefasciatus	0.008–0.59 ^b	[66]
	Cry4A/Cry4B/Cyt1A	Culicidae	Aedes aegypti	0.08 ^a	[58]
	Cry4A/Cry4B/Mtx1Aa1	Culicidae	Culex quinquefasciatus	0.18–0.77 ^b	[66]
	Cry4A/Cry4B/Mpp2Aa1 (Mtx2)	Culicidae	Culex quinquefasciatus	0.11–0.32 ^b	[66]
	Cry4A/Cry4B/Cry11A/Cyt1A	Culicidae	Aedes aegypti	0.08 ^a	[58]
			Culex quinquefasciatus	0.02–0.07 ^b	[66]
	Cry4A/Cry4B/Cry11A/Mtx1Aa1	Culicidae	Culex quinquefasciatus	0.02–0.24 ^b	[66]
	Cry4A/Cry4B/Cry11A/Mpp2Aa1 (Mtx2)	Culicidae	Culex quinquefasciatus	0.03–0.06 ^b	[66]
	Cry4A/Cry4B/Cry11A/Cyt1A/Mtx1Aa1	Culicidae	Culex quinquefasciatus	0.02–0.06 ^b	[66]
	Cry4A/Cry4B/Cry11A/Cyt1A/Mpp2Aa1(Mtx2)	Culicidae	Culex quinquefasciatus	0.30–1.09 ^b	[66]
	Cry4Ba/Cry11Aa/Cyt1Aa	Culicidae	Anopheles albimanus	0.7–8.33 ^b	[70]
	Cry11Bb/Cry29Aa/Cry30Aa	Culicidae	Aedes aegypti	5.43 ^a	[85]
			Anopheles stephensi	1.31 ^a	[85]
			Culex pipiens	0.85 ^a	[85]

a. Purified proteins. b. Powders of recombinant Bt containing spore/crystal mixtures. ND, toxicity reported but LC₅₀ not determined.