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. 2020 Dec 5;8(12):1933. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8121933

Figure 3.

Figure 3

The transcription regulatory cascade of the T3SA. (a) Key transcriptional regulatory cascade of the type III secretion system (T3SS) in Shigella. (b) The VirB and MxiE regulons; this figure is inspired from a prior version [95], and updated to take into account the most recent findings [58,96]. * These are likely pseudogenes in strain M90T; † this gene belongs to the VirB and MxiE regulon but its product is not a T3SA substrate; ‡ this gene is weakly expressed and a new addition to the MxiE regulon; § the chromosomal ipaHs are annotated according to [97]; whether the product of these genes are T3SA substrates is currently unknown; ¥ this gene encodes an antitoxin from a TA system that is weakly secreted by the T3SA. Note that other antitoxin coding genes gmvA (orf48), orf86, and mvpA, which are not part of these two regulons, were also suggested to be T3SA substrates [58]. (c) Heteromers formed by MxiE and IpgC in the inactive and active state of the T3SA and their effect on the transcription of late substrates B.