Table 3.
Studies including only patients with genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE) or other epilepsy types (temporal lobe epilepsy and transient epileptic amnesia excluded). Ordered in descending number of patients involved. Information that was lacking or is not applicable is presented as blank cells. AEDs-antiepileptic drugs, ALF—accelerated long-term forgetting, CVLT-C—California Verbal Learning Test-Children’s Version, CVLT-III—California Verbal Learning Test-Third Edition, GASE—Global Assessment of the Severity of Epilepsy, M/F—male/female, SD—standard deviation, WMS-IV-LM—Wechsler Memory Scale-Fourth Edition-Logical Memory.
| Reference | Epilepsy Type | Controls (M/F) | Patients (M/F) | Patient age (Mean, SD, or Range) | GASE Rating (SD) | AEDs | Experiences Seizures? Frequency, SD (if Indicated) | Material | ALF Detected? | Delay Points Tested | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fitzgerald, Thayer, Mohamed, & Miller, 2013 [6] | Various Normal EEG: 18 Focal: 10 Generalized: 5 | 15 | 34 | Normal EEG: 36.89 (10.47) Focal: 41.8 (14.60) Generalized: 32.60 (14.54) | 4 no AEDs 17 on monotherapy 12 on polytherapy | Yes | Word Memory Test Design Memory Test | Yes (both tests) | 30 min, 24 h, 4 days | No relation with seizure variables. Information better retained with naps. | |
| Davidson, Dorris, O’Regan, & Zuberi, 2007 [59] | GGE | 21 | 7/14 | 11.5 (8–16) | 4 no AEDs 15 on monotherapy 2 on polytherapy | Yes: 16 No: 5 | Children’s memory scale: Stories and Dot location subtests | Yes (stories task) | 30 min, 1 week | Poor initial learning | |
| Gascoigne et al., 2012 [60] | GGE | 20/21 | 10/10 | 10.76 (2.47) | 2.17 (1.69) | 18 on monotherapy 2 on polytherapy | Yes (at least one 2 years prior) | CVLT-C | Yes | 2 min, 30 min, 1 week | Epilepsy severity related to ALF |
| Grayson-Collins et al., 2019 [7] | GGE | 11/18 | 11/7 | 10.90 (2.53) | 1.68 (1.08) | 7 no AEDs 7 on monotherapy 4 on polytherapy | At T2: No: 7 Yes: 11 | CVLT-C | Yes | 2 min, 30 min, 1 week | No improvement in ALF after seizure reduction (7.53 (2.43) years of follow-up) |
| Beilharz, Thayer, Nikpour, & Lah, 2020 [61] | GGE | 2/12 | 4/12 | 42.93 (13.09) | 3.31 (1.18) | 5 on monotherapy 9 on polytherapy | n/a, last seizure at 4.51 (8.60) years | CVLT-III WMS-IV-LM | No | 2 min, 30 min, 1 week | |
| Ricci, Wong, Nikpour, & Miller, 2019 [62] | Symptoms of epilepsy | 10/0 | 3/0 | 66.7 (5.7) | 2 no AEDs 1 on monotherapy | No | Story recall | Yes | 30 min, 24 h, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks | Testing ALF patients after a 2 weeks delay and early rehearsal improved recall up to 1 week |