Figure 5.

YP decreases the production of ECM degradation and pro-inflammatory markers in the explant-based co-culture OA model under mineralizing conditions. Cartilage explants co-cultured with human primary synoviocytes were pre-treated with 10 μM YP 24 h, followed by 72 h of 750 μg/mL HAP stimulation. Levels of MMP3 and IL-6 accumulation in the co-culture media were determined by ELISA. DXM indicates treatments with 2 μM dexamethasone. Data are presented as means of at least three independent experiments. One-way ANOVA and multiple comparisons were achieved with the Dunnett’s test. All graphs show mean ±SD. Statistical significance was defined as p ≤ 0.05 (*), p ≤ 0.005 (**) and p ≤ 0.0005 (***).