Table 2. Association between sensory impairment and risk of all-cause mortality among the elderly adults, a cohort study in China, 1998-2019.
| Population | Groups | Cases/Person-years | HR (95% CIs) | P for interaction | ||
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||
| Whole Population | No sensory impairment | 9128/96072 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
| VI only | 4569/27674 | 1.27 (1.22-1.31) | 1.27 (1.22-1.32) | 1.20 (1.15-1.24) | ||
| HI only | 4678/19323 | 1.38 (1.33-1.43) | 1.34 (1.29-1.39) | 1.26 (1.21-1.31) | ||
| DSI | 9478/26794 | 1.77 (1.71-1.82) | 1.73 (1.68-1.79) | 1.46 (1.41-1.52) | ||
| Male | No sensory impairment | 4759/48587 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.0911 |
| VI only | 1724/10520 | 1.27 (1.20-1.34) | 1.26 (1.19-1.34) | 1.19 (1.12-1.26) | ||
| HI only | 2014/8297 | 1.39 (1.31-1.46) | 1.34 (1.27-1.41) | 1.26 (1.19-1.33) | ||
| DSI | 2630/7567 | 1.73 (1.65-1.83) | 1.68 (1.60-1.77) | 1.44 (1.36-1.52) | ||
| Female | No sensory impairment | 4369/47485 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
| VI only | 2845/17154 | 1.27 (1.21-1.33) | 1.28 (1.22-1.35) | 1.21 (1.15-1.27) | ||
| HI only | 2664/11026 | 1.38 (1.31-1.45) | 1.34 (1.27-1.41) | 1.26 (1.20-1.33) | ||
| DSI | 6848/19227 | 1.78 (1.70-1.85) | 1.75 (1.68-1.83) | 1.48 (1.41-1.55) | ||
| Age at baseline, <80 years | No sensory impairment | 1918/50054 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | <0.0001 |
| VI only | 607/10145 | 1.36 (1.24-1.49) | 1.34 (1.22-1.47) | 1.29 (1.17-1.42) | ||
| HI only | 219/2415 | 1.69 (1.46-1.94) | 1.61 (1.40-1.86) | 1.53 (1.32-1.77) | ||
| DSI | 302/2188 | 2.49 (2.19-2.82) | 2.36 (2.08-2.68) | 2.03 (1.78-2.31) | ||
| Age at baseline, 80-89 years | No sensory impairment | 3453/29236 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
| VI only | 1303/8543 | 1.20 (1.12-1.27) | 1.22 (1.14-1.30) | 1.15 (1.07-1.22) | ||
| HI only | 1231/6460 | 1.45 (1.36-1.55) | 1.40 (1.31-1.49) | 1.30 (1.22-1.39) | ||
| DSI | 1623/6538 | 1.77 (1.67-1.89) | 1.75 (1.65-1.86) | 1.50 (1.41-1.60) | ||
| Age at baseline, 90-99 years | No sensory impairment | 2520/12358 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
| VI only | 1477/5725 | 1.25 (1.17-1.33) | 1.25 (1.17-1.34) | 1.15 (1.08-1.23) | ||
| HI only | 1795/6372 | 1.34 (1.26-1.42) | 1.29 (1.22-1.37) | 1.18 (1.11-1.26) | ||
| DSI | 3225/8666 | 1.74 (1.65-1.83) | 1.69 (1.61-1.79) | 1.39 (1.32-1.48) | ||
| Age at baseline, ≥100 years | No sensory impairment | 1237/4424 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | |
| VI only | 1182/3260 | 1.30 (1.20-1.41) | 1.29 (1.19-1.40) | 1.18 (1.09-1.28) | ||
| HI only | 1433/4075 | 1.26 (1.17-1.36) | 1.23 (1.14-1.33) | 1.16 (1.07-1.26) | ||
| DSI | 4328/9402 | 1.66 (1.56-1.77) | 1.62 (1.52-1.72) | 1.35 (1.26-1.45) | ||
Abbreviations: CIs: confident intervals; DSI: dual sensory impairment; HI: hearing impairment; HR: hazard ratio; VI: vision impairment.
Model 1: adjusted for age and sex; Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, enrollment year, province, residence, ethic, marriage status, occupation, access to medical service, smoking status, drinking status, and exercise status; Model 3: model 2 + further adjusted for ADL score, physical performance score, MMSE score, food diversity score, social activity score, and chronic disease score.