Table 1.
Changes of metabolites of the kynurenine pathway in neurologic diseases. ↑: increase, ↓: decrease, *: tendency, not statistically significant.
| Metabolites | Alzheimer’s Disease | Parkinson’s Disease | Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis | Huntington’s Disease | Multiple Sclerosis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CNS | Peripheral | CNS | Peripheral | CNS | Peripheral | CNS | Peripheral | CNS | Peripheral | |
| TRP | - | ↓ [61] ↓ [68] |
- | - | ↑ [69] ↑ [69] |
↑ [69] | - | ↓ [70] ↓ [71] |
↓ [72] | ↓ [72] ↓ [73] |
| QUIN | ↑ [56] ↑ [59] ↑ [60] |
↓ [61] ↑ [68] |
↑ [74] | ↑ [75] | ↑ [69] | ↑ [69] | ↑ [76] | - | ↑ [77] | ↑ [78] |
| 3-HK | - | ↑ [55] ↑* [68] ↑ [79] |
↑ [80] ↑ [81] |
↑ [74] | - | - | ↑ [76] ↑ [82] |
↓ [83] | ↑ [77] | ↑ [78] |
| KYNA | ↑ [60] ↑ [67] ↓ [84] ↑ [85] |
↓ [68] ↓ [79] |
↓ [74] ↓ [80] |
↓ [75] ↓ [86] |
↑ [87] | - | ↓ [88] ↓ [89] ↓ [90] |
- | ↓ [91] ↑ [92] |
↑ [78] ↑ [93] |
| AA | - | ↑ [66] ↑* [68] |
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| KYN | - | ↑* [68] ↑ [79] |
- | ↑ [94] | ↑ [85] | ↑ [85] | - | ↑ [67] | - | - |
| XA | - | ↓ [61] | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 3-HAA | - | ↓ [61] | - | ↓ [74] | - | - | - | ↓ [83] | - | - |
| PIC | - | - | - | - | - | ↓ [69] | - | - | - | ↑ [78] |