Table 3.
Levels of depression, anxiety, and stress amongst all respondents, based on the DASS-21.
| DASS level | All (N = 3770) | Women (N = 2871) | Men (N = 846) | P-value (M vs F) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Depression, n (%) | ||||
| Normal | 2526 (67) | 1890 (66) | 607 (72) | |
| Mild | 431 (11) | 355 (12) | 75 (9) | |
| Moderate | 504 (13) | 383 (13) | 108 (13) | |
| Severe | 157 (4) | 129 (4) | 24 (3) | |
| Extremely severe | 152 (4) | 114 (4) | 32 (4) | |
| Mean (± SD) score | 7.8 ± 8.3 | 8.0 ± 8.2 | 7.1 ± 8.2 | 0.003 |
| Anxiety, n (%) | ||||
| Normal | 2390 (63) | 1737 (61) | 624 (74) | |
| Mild | 302 (8) | 248 (9) | 53 (6) | |
| Moderate | 577 (15) | 466 (16) | 101 (12) | |
| Severe | 203 (5) | 179 (6) | 23 (3) | |
| Extremely severe | 298 (8) | 241 (8) | 45 (5) | |
| Mean (± SD) score | 6.8 ± 7.5 | 7.2 ± 7.5 | 5.0 ± 6.7 | <0.001 |
| Stress n (%) | ||||
| Normal | 2218 (59) | 1633 (57) | 555 (66) | |
| Mild | 495 (13) | 398 (14) | 90 (11) | |
| Moderate | 507 (13) | 388 (14) | 110 (13) | |
| Severe | 387 (10) | 318 (11) | 65 (8) | |
| Extremely severe | 163 (4) | 134 (5) | 26 (3) | |
| Mean (± SD) score | 14.0 ± 9.6 | 14.4 ± 9.6 | 12.5 ± 9.4 | <0.001 |
| DASS-21 total mean (± SD) score | 28.6 ± 22.6 | 29.7 ± 22.5 | 24.5 ± 21.4 | <0.001 |
SD, standard deviation; DASS-21, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21.