TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of the participating cohorts from China and Japan1
| JPHC1 | JPHC2 | SMHS | SWHS | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline characteristics | Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | Total |
| Cohort profile | |||||||
| Participants, n | 17,014 | 18,718 | 21,239 | 23,461 | 56,786 | 67,842 | 205,060 |
| FFQ survey | 1995–1996 | 1995–1996 | 1998–1999 | 1998–1999 | 2001–2006 | 1996–2000 | 1995–2006 |
| Follow-up time, y2 | 15.5 ± 5.9 | 16.4 ± 3.6 | 12.4 ± 3.8 | 13.3 ± 3.1 | 9.2 ± 1.8 | 13.6 ± 2.3 | 12.7 ± 3.7 |
| CRC cases, n | 473 | 323 | 512 | 337 | 561 | 765 | 2971 |
| Age, y | 54.5 ± 6.0 | 54.6 ± 5.9 | 58.6 ± 8.6 | 58.9 ± 8.7 | 54.9 ± 9.6 | 52.1 ± 9.0 | 54.8 ± 8.9 |
| Current smoker, % | 46.8 | 4.4 | 41.5 | 5.2 | 59.7 | 2.3 | 26.5 |
| Regular alcohol drinker,3 % | 75.1 | 17.4 | 70.5 | 17.8 | 33.3 | 2.0 | 27.1 |
| Physical activity,4 MET-h/wk | 33.9 [15.4] | 31.9 [7.2] | 31.9 [10.8] | 31.8 [7.2] | 53.8 [44.1] | 100.9 [56.9] | 48.9 [60.3] |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.5 [3.6] | 23.4 [4.0] | 23.3 [3.9] | 23.1 [4.0] | 23.7 [4.0] | 23.6 [4.5] | 23.5 [4.1] |
| Family CRC history, % | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 1.8 |
| Postmenopausal women, % | — | 72.8 | — | 76.0 | — | 53.6 | 61.6 |
| Dietary intake | |||||||
| Total energy, kcal/d | 2216 [937] | 1857 [798] | 2005 [867] | 1740 [753] | 1873 [620] | 1642 [493] | 1795 [680] |
| Isoflavone, mg/d | 38.3 [37.1] | 39.1 [36.6] | 30.1 [32.9] | 30.8 [33.9] | 31.0 [26.8] | 25.1 [24.6] | 29.9 [29.3] |
| Soy protein, g/d | 7.9 [6.9] | 7.9 [6.8] | 6.1 [6.0] | 6.1 [6.1] | 9.5 [7.6] | 7.4 [6.7] | 7.7 [7.1] |
| Red meat, g/d | 47.7 [54.1] | 41.3 [49.5] | 41.3 [46.9] | 36.9 [41.6] | 54.4 [47.9] | 43.8 [39.2] | 45.7 [45.5] |
| Vegetables, g/d | 179 [165] | 217 [185] | 159 [154] | 193 [167] | 306 [215] | 261 [192] | 244 [203] |
| Folate, μg/d | 372 [243] | 405 [261] | 335 [229] | 379 [252] | 324 [145] | 276 [127] | 318 [177] |
Data presented are means ± SDs for normally distributed variables, or medians [IQRs] for variables with a skewed distribution, frequency, or proportion (%). CRC, colorectal cancer; JPHC, Japan Public Health Center–based Prospective Study; MET-h, metabolic equivalent hours; SMHS, Shanghai Men's Health Study; SWHS, Shanghai Women's Health Study.
Mean time from enrollment to the date of diagnosis of CRC (event) or censoring due to diagnosis of other cancer, death, lost to follow-up, or end of study.
Including heavy (>28 g/d in men and >14 g/d in women) and moderate (>0 to ≤28 g/d in men or >0 to ≤14 g/d in women) alcohol drinkers.
Mean MET-h per week among participants who reported >0 MET-h/wk (n = 191,044).