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. 2020 Jul 21;150(9):2442–2450. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxaa194

TABLE 3.

Association between dietary soy food intake and CRC incidence in a pooled analysis of cohorts from China and Japan, stratified by baseline CRC risk factors and by CRC site1

Q1(low) Q2 Q3 Q4
 Model Cases HR Cases HR (95% CI)2,3 Cases HR (95% CI)b,c Cases HR (95% CI)b,c  P-trend  P-heterogeneity4
Dietary isoflavone intake
 Median age, y
  ≤53 197 1.00 176 0.91 (0.74, 1.12) 203 1.13 (0.92, 1.38) 156 0.98 (0.79, 1.23) 0.78 0.68
  >53 428 1.00 433 0.92 (0.80, 1.06) 494 1.00 (0.87, 1.15) 502 0.93 (0.80, 1.08) 0.75
 Smoking status
  Ever 240 1.00 209 0.80 (0.66, 0.96) 249 0.92 (0.77, 1.11) 237 0.83 (0.68, 1.00) 0.69 0.15
  Never 385 1.00 400 1.01 (0.87, 1.16) 448 1.13 (0.98, 1.30) 421 1.03 (0.88, 1.21) 0.77
Menopausal status
  Premenopausal 152 1.00 152 1.02 (0.81, 1.28) 166 1.05 (0.83, 1.32) 146 0.81 (0.63, 1.04) 0.03 0.68
  Postmenopausal 147 1.00 159 1.02 (0.81, 1.28) 191 1.21 (0.96, 1.51) 153 0.93 (0.72, 1.19) 0.81
 Cancer site
  Colon 370 1.00 384 0.97 (0.84, 1.13) 422 1.05 (0.91, 1.23) 421 1.01 (0.85, 1.19) 0.81 0.80
  Rectal 217 1.00 206 0.93 (0.76, 1.13) 243 1.09 (0.89, 1.33) 208 0.92 (0.73, 1.15) 0.62
Dietary soy protein intake
 Median age, y
  ≤53 201 1.00 185 0.97 (0.79, 1.18) 182 1.01 (0.82, 1.24) 164 1.04 (0.84, 1.30) 0.99 0.77
  >53 425 1.00 440 0.94 (0.82, 1.07) 491 0.98 (0.85, 1.12) 501 0.92 (0.79, 1.07) 0.63
 Smoking status
  Ever 238 1.00 214 0.82 (0.68, 0.99) 250 0.94 (0.78, 1.12) 233 0.81 (0.67, 0.99) 0.62 0.09
  Never 388 1.00 411 1.04 (0.90, 1.20) 423 1.03 (0.89, 1.19) 432 1.05 (0.90, 1.23) 0.75
 Menopausal status
  Premenopausal 152 1.00 165 1.09 (0.87, 1.36) 143 0.88 (0.69, 1.12) 156 0.87 (0.68, 1.12) 0.07 0.40
  Postmenopausal 148 1.00 166 1.07 (0.86, 1.34) 175 1.10 (0.88, 1.38) 161 0.98 (0.77, 1.26) 0.67
 Cancer site
  Colon 385 1.00 385 0.94 (0.81, 1.09) 406 0.95 (0.82, 1.10) 421 0.95 (0.80, 1.12) 0.66 0.67
  Rectal 204 1.00 221 1.07 (0.88, 1.30) 233 1.12 (0.92, 1.38) 216 1.04 (0.83, 1.31) 0.80
1

Based on the cohort- and sex-specific quartiles. Please see Supplemental Table 2 for specific cutpoint values for each cohort. CRC, colorectal cancer; Q, quartile.

2

Adjusted for age, sex, total energy, cohort, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, BMI, family history of colorectal cancer, intake of red meat, vegetable intake, folate intake, and menopausal status in women.

3

Complete case analysis based on total sample size of 186,755 with 2589 colorectal cancer cases.

4

Calculated using the likelihood ratio test for nested models for the multiplicative interaction term. P for overall heterogeneity was calculated to determine differences by cancer site.