TABLE 4.
Evaluation of potential interaction between soy food intake and BMI on CRC risk among women (pre- and postmenopausal) and men: a pooled analysis of data from 4 cohorts conducted in China and Japan1
| Q1 (low) | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model | Cases | HR | Cases | HR (95% CI)2,3 | Cases | HR (95% CI)b,c | Cases | HR (95% CI)b,c | P-trend | P-heterogeneity4 |
| Dietary isoflavone intake | ||||||||||
| All participants, BMI | ||||||||||
| <23.0 | 260 | 1.00 | 245 | 0.90 (0.75, 1.08) | 273 | 1.05 (0.87, 1.26) | 222 | 0.82 (0.67, 1.02) | 0.24 | 0.88 |
| 23.0 to 27.49 | 284 | 1.00 | 285 | 0.90 (0.76, 1.07) | 319 | 0.96 (0.81, 1.14) | 327 | 0.92 (0.76, 1.11) | 0.73 | |
| ≥27.5 | 79 | 1.00 | 76 | 1.01 (0.73, 1.39) | 104 | 1.38 (1.00, 1.90) | 106 | 1.39 (0.98, 1.97) | 0.03 | |
| Premenopausal women, BMI | ||||||||||
| <23.0 | 60 | 1.00 | 49 | 0.97 (0.65, 1.44) | 57 | 1.08 (0.71, 1.63) | 34 | 0.58 (0.34, 0.98) | 0.16 | 0.65 |
| 23.0– 27.49 | 63 | 1.00 | 76 | 1.11 (0.78, 1.57) | 80 | 0.99 (0.68, 1.43) | 76 | 0.76 (0.50, 1.15) | 0.05 | |
| ≥27.5 | 29 | 1.00 | 27 | 0.91 (0.52, 1.57) | 29 | 0.85 (0.47, 1.52) | 36 | 0.83 (0.43, 1.58) | 0.59 | |
| Postmenopausal women, BMI | ||||||||||
| <23.0 | 68 | 1.00 | 72 | 0.98 (0.69, 1.37) | 75 | 1.03 (0.72, 1.47) | 67 | 0.99 (0.67, 1.49) | 0.79 | 0.67 |
| 23.0–27.49 | 64 | 1.00 | 72 | 1.03 (0.73, 1.46) | 90 | 1.25 (0.88, 1.76) | 70 | 0.93 (0.63, 1.39) | 0.87 | |
| ≥27.5 | 15 | 1.00 | 15 | 1.02 (0.49, 2.12) | 26 | 1.75 (0.87, 3.50) | 16 | 1.26 (0.55, 2.90) | 0.17 | |
| Men, BMI | ||||||||||
| <23.0 | 132 | 1.00 | 124 | 0.88 (0.68, 1.13) | 141 | 1.04 (0.81, 1.35) | 121 | 0.91 (0.68, 1.21) | 0.73 | 0.45 |
| 23.0–27.49 | 157 | 1.00 | 137 | 0.78 (0.61, 0.98) | 149 | 0.82 (0.64, 1.04) | 181 | 0.98 (0.76, 1.26) | 0.62 | |
| ≥27.5 | 35 | 1.00 | 34 | 0.90 (0.55, 1.48) | 49 | 1.39 (0.87, 2.23) | 54 | 1.53 (0.93, 2.52) | 0.03 | |
| Dietary soy protein intake | ||||||||||
| All participants, BMI | ||||||||||
| <23.0 | 262 | 1.00 | 249 | 0.92 (0.77, 1.10) | 267 | 1.01 (0.84, 1.21) | 222 | 0.82 (0.66, 1.01) | 0.19 | 0.87 |
| 23.0–27.49 | 280 | 1.00 | 297 | 0.95 (0.81, 1.13) | 310 | 0.93 (0.78, 1.11) | 328 | 0.93 (0.77, 1.13) | 0.58 | |
| ≥27.5 | 81 | 1.00 | 78 | 1.03 (0.75, 1.42) | 94 | 1.18 (0.85, 1.62) | 112 | 1.42 (1.01, 2.00) | 0.02 | |
| Premenopausal women, BMI | ||||||||||
| <23.0 | 60 | 1.00 | 55 | 1.04 (0.71, 1.52) | 48 | 0.87 (0.57, 1.34) | 37 | 0.66 (0.39, 1.10) | 0.27 | 0.44 |
| 23.0–27.49 | 63 | 1.00 | 81 | 1.21 (0.86, 1.71) | 72 | 0.88 (0.60, 1.29) | 79 | 0.80 (0.53, 1.20) | 0.04 | |
| ≥27.5 | 29 | 1.00 | 29 | 0.92 (0.53, 1.59) | 23 | 0.66 (0.36, 1.21) | 40 | 1.00 (0.53, 1.86) | 0.90 | |
| Postmenopausal women, BMI | ||||||||||
| <23.0 | 69 | 1.00 | 75 | 1.04 (0.74, 1.45) | 69 | 0.90 (0.63, 1.30) | 70 | 1.01 (0.68, 1.49) | 0.94 | 0.83 |
| 23.0–27.49 | 64 | 1.00 | 74 | 1.07 (0.76, 1.50) | 87 | 1.13 (0.80, 1.59) | 71 | 0.93 (0.63, 1.37) | 0.74 | |
| ≥27.5 | 15 | 1.00 | 17 | 1.18 (0.58, 2.40) | 20 | 1.35 (0.66, 2.77) | 20 | 1.47 (0.67, 3.26) | 0.11 | |
| Men, BMI | ||||||||||
| <23.0 | 133 | 1.00 | 119 | 0.86 (0.67, 1.11) | 151 | 1.10 (0.85, 1.42) | 115 | 0.85 (0.64, 1.14) | 0.46 | 0.39 |
| 23.0–27.49 | 153 | 1.00 | 142 | 0.81 (0.64, 1.03) | 151 | 0.85 (0.66, 1.08) | 178 | 0.99 (0.76, 1.28) | 0.64 | |
| ≥27.5 | 37 | 1.00 | 32 | 0.80 (0.49, 1.31) | 51 | 1.27 (0.80, 2.02) | 52 | 1.38 (0.85, 2.25) | 0.05 | |
1
Based on the cohort- and sex-specific quartiles. Please see Supplemental Table 2 for specific cutpoint values for each cohort. . CRC, colorectal cancer.
2
Adjusted for age, total energy, cohort, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, BMI, family history of CRC, intake of red meat, vegetable intake, fte, a intakend menopausal status in women.
3
Complete case analysis based on total sample size of n = 185,482 with 2568 CRC cases.
4
Estimated by likelihood ratio test to compare the models with and without a multiplicative interaction term.