Skip to main content
. 2020 Dec 22;1(9):100157. doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100157

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Th2-cTfh Are Activated Early in P. falciparum Infection

cTfh (PD1+CXCR5+ CD4) cells were differentiated into subsets based on CXCR3 and CCR6 expression into Th1 (CXCR3+CCR6−), Th2 (CXCR3−CCR6−), and Th17-like (CXCR3−CCR6+) cell subsets.

(A) Subsets as a frequency of cTfh cells after infection.

(B) Activated ICOS+ subsets as a frequency of cTfh cells after infection.

(C) Activated CD38+ subsets as a frequency of cTfh cells after infection.

(D) Activated ICOS+ subsets as a frequency of cTfh cells for each individual study participant following experimental malaria infection. Participants are ranked based on the frequency of ICOS+ cTfh cells before infection. For participants 6,507, 6,505, and 6,506, no sample was available at EOS time point (NA). Flow cytometry-based assays were performed once on whole-blood samples tested in singles.

Data are from 40 individuals at days 0, 8, and 14/15 and 37 individuals at EOS. For (A)–(C), Wilcoxon signed-rank tests compared to day 0 are indicated. Boxplots are Tukey style, with median and IQR. Whiskers are to data point no further than 1.5 × IQR; dots are outlying points. Paired data are joined by lines. Data are from 40 individuals at days 0, 8, and 14/15 and 37 individuals at EOS.