FIG 3.

Xenobiotic-degrading capabilities in the gut microbiome of gorillas across two seasons of variable dietary intake and in humans under two different subsistence strategies. (a) Principal-coordinate analysis using Bray-Curtis distances generated from the relative abundances of XDEs shows distinctions in xenobiotic-degrading capabilities in the microbiome of gorillas across dry and wet seasons and between BaAka hunter-gatherers and Bantu agriculturalists (PERMANOVA: R² = 0.19, P = 0.01**). The amplified ordination panel on the left specifically shows functional distinctions between gorillas across seasons (PERMANOVA: R² = 0.16, P = 0.01**). (b) PCo2 ordination score reflects functional similarities of BaAka hunter-gatherers with gorillas in both dry and wet seasons. (c) The distribution of XDEs across population shows higher abundance in Bantu agriculturalists and gorillas during the wet season. (d) Relative abundances of selected significantly discriminating XDEs are plotted by their respective distributions. The color key in panel a applies to all panels. A nonparametric two-sided Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for testing the box plot distributions. The center values indicate the medians, and error bars depict the SD. ns, not significant; *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01.