FIG 5.

Functional and genome reconstruction analyses of Prevotella and Spirochaetaceae in the gut microbiome of gorillas across two seasons of variable dietary intake and in humans under two different subsistence strategies. From the taxonomic analysis, cumulative abundance of all discriminating taxa belonging to Prevotella (a) and Spirochaetaceae (b) were used to assess their distribution and association with the digestion of plant polysaccharides. (c) Principal-component analysis generated from the relative abundances of CAZy families in Prevotella and Treponema bins (PERMANOVA: R² = 0.43, P = 0.001***). (d) Higher diversity of carbohydrate-active enzymes was observed in Prevotella compared to Treponema bins. (e) Relative abundances of broad CAZy classes found in these bins were plotted by their respective distributions. (f) Heatmap of significantly discriminating CAZy families showing differences between Prevotella and Treponema bins (two-sided Wilcoxon rank sum test for each pair, dry versus wet and BaAka hunter-gatherers versus Bantu agriculturalists, P < 0.05, Data Set S1, tab 17). Color code represents bins, whereas symbols represent CAZy classes as shown in panel e. Heatmap is color coded based on normalized z-scores. A nonparametric two-sided Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for testing the box plot distributions. The center values indicate the medians, and error bars depict the SD. ns, not significant; *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01.