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. 2020 Dec 10;21(24):9408. doi: 10.3390/ijms21249408

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Pictorial diagram of insulin and leptin signaling in placenta which includes 3 major signaling pathways, namely JAK-STAT, MAPK, and IRS/PI3K/Akt. Abbreviations: Akt—protein kinase B; IRS—insulin receptor substrate; JAK—janus kinase; MAPK—mitogen-activated protein kinase; MEK—mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase; PI3K—phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; RAF—RAF kinase; RAS—small GTPase; STAT—signal transducer and activator of transcription (according to References [38,39]) (Created with BioRender.com).